Chemistry Chapter 6: Chemicals & Their Reactions

Question 1

chemical reaction

Answer 1

a process in which
substances interact, forming new substances with new properties

Question 2

word equation

Answer 2

describing a
chemical reaction using the names of the reactants and products

Question 3

chemical equation

Answer 3

describing
a chemical reaction using the chemical formulas of the reactants and products

Question 4

reactants

Answer 4

Chemicals, present at the start of a chemical reaction, that is used up
during the reaction

Question 5

products

Answer 5

Chemicals produced during a chemical reaction

Question 6

scientific law

Answer 6

statement that summarizes an observed pattern in nature.

Question 7

Law of conservation of mass

Answer 7

states that the total mass of the products in a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass of the reactants.

Question 8

Skeleton Equation

Answer 8

chemical equation with all the correct reactants and products to describe a chemical reaction, but it may or may not be balanced (it may or may not obey the “Law of Conservation of Mass”).

Question 9

synthesis reaction

Answer 9

a reaction in which
two reactants combine to make a larger or more complex product; general pattern: A + B → AB

Question 10

decomposition reaction

Answer 10

a reaction where a large or more complex molecule breaks down to form two (or more) simpler products; general pattern: AB → A + B

Question 11

combustion

Answer 11

the rapid reaction of a
substance with oxygen to produce oxides
and energy; burning

Question 12

complete combustion

Answer 12

a combustion
reaction of hydrocarbons that uses all the
available fuel and produces only carbon
dioxide, water, and energy; occurs when
the supply of oxygen is plentiful

Question 13

incomplete combustion

Answer 13

a combustion reaction of hydrocarbons that may produce carbon monoxide, carbon,
carbon dioxide, water, and energy;
occurs when the oxygen supply is limited

Question 14

corrosion

Answer 14

the breakdown of a metal
resulting from reactions with chemicals
in its environment (slower than combustion)

Question 15

Beneficial Corrosion

Answer 15

When corrosion protects the metal from further corrosion (giving a protective oxide layer).
Examples: Aluminum, copper, & zinc

Question 16

Rust & Factors

Answer 16

Rust: reddish-brown flaky material produced when metals
containing iron corrode.
Causes: presence of oxygen, water, and electrolytes, along with acidity
and mechanical stress.

Question 17

Ways of Protecting Against Corrosion

Answer 17

1. Protective Coatings
2. Using corrosion-resistant materials
3. Galvanizing

Question 18

Protective Coatings (Against Corrosion)

Answer 18

A simple way to prevent corrosion is to cover the metal with a rust-inhibiting
paint, chrome, or plastic coating. Once
the coating is chipped or scratched, corrosion is inevitable

Question 19

Corrosion-Resistant Materials

Answer 19

Use materials that do not
rust (more corrosion-resistant metals or non-metals, like plastic). Stainless steel is an example, has chromium, carbon, nickel, and iron (less).

Question 20

Galvanizing

Answer 20

Steel coated with a thin layer of zinc, forming a hard, insoluble oxide over it.