Chemistry Chapter 5: Chemicals & Their Properties

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has volume and mass.

Question 2

Pure Substance

Answer 2

A combination of identical particles. Only 1 visible part/phase.

Question 3

Types of Pure Substances

Answer 3

1. Elements - made of 1 atoms, cannot be broken down
2. Compounds - made of 2 more atoms, can be broken down into atoms

Question 4

Mixtures

Answer 4

-2 or more pure substances
-1 or more visible parts/phases

Question 5

Types of Mixtures

Answer 5

1. Homogenous Mixture, uniform composition (1 phase)
2. Heterogeneous Mixture (2+ phases)
3. Alloy (2+ more metals)

Question 6

Physical Property

Answer 6

Any property that can be observed or measured without forming a new substance (ex. colour, mass)

Question 7

Types of Physical Properties

Answer 7

1. Qualitative - characteristic that can be described, but not measured (ex. colour)
2. Quantitative - characteristic that can be measured numerically

Question 8

Chemical Property

Answer 8

Any property that describes how a substance reacts with another substance (when forming a new substance).

Question 9

Physical Change

Answer 9

Change of state or appearance, no new substance produced

Question 10

Chemical Change

Answer 10

At least one substance with new properties is formed. Change in appearance and composition, formation of new materials and molecules.

Question 11

5 signs of chemical change

Answer 11

1. A new colour appears
2. Heat or light is produced or absorbed
3. Gas (or an odor) is produced
4. A precipitate is formed in a liquid
5. The reaction is difficult to reverse

Question 12

Most Reactive Metals

Answer 12

Alkali Metals

Question 13

Ionic Compound

Answer 13

Formed from 1 (or more) metal (cation) and 1 or more non-metal (anion)

Question 14

Ionic bond

Answer 14

Simultaneous strong attraction of the positive and negative ions in an ionic compound

Question 15

Covalent/molecular bond

Answer 15

A bond as a result of the attraction from non-metals sharing their electrons.

Why? The bond is not strong enough for a transfer of electrons (electricity), so they only share electrons

Question 16

Molecular compound

Answer 16

Consists of 2 or more non-metals sharing electrons.

Question 17

Diatomic Molecules

Answer 17

These elements occur naturally in the diatomic state, where 2 of the same atoms have a molecular bond.
Remember: HOFBrINCl the clown!

Question 18

Subatomic Particles

Answer 18

-Protons - most mass - positive charge - in nucleus
-Electrons - little mass - negative charge - orbit nucleus
-Neutrons - most mass - no charge - in nucleus

Question 19

Ion

Answer 19

A charged atom (atoms are always neutral by default) as a result of a gain or loss in electrons

Question 20

Anion

Answer 20

An ion that has gained electrons, having a negative charge

Question 21

Cation

Answer 21

An ion that has lost electrons, having a positive charge

Question 22

electrolyte

Answer 22

a compound that separates into ions when it dissolves in water, producing a solution that conducts
electricity

Question 23

Polyatomic Ion

Answer 23

2 or more elements behaving as one particle, carrying one charge as a whole