Chemistry Chapter -

Question 1

What is the force between oppositely charged ions?

Answer 1

electrostatic force

Question 2

How are ionic Compounds formed?

Answer 2

They are formed by the loss and gain of electrons

Question 3

What is the mass and charge of the proton, neutron and electron?

Answer 3

The relative mass of the proton and neutron is 1 while the electron is 1/1835 (negligible) The charge of the proton is +1, neutron 0, electron -1

Question 4

What does the Group number represent?

Answer 4

The amount of electrons in the outer shells

Question 5

What is a lattice Structure?

Answer 5

A lattice structure is made up of strong ionic bonds that allow “billions” of ions to be packed together in a regular repeating arrangement

Question 6

What does the period number represent?

Answer 6

The amount of occupied shells

Question 7

What bonding method is used between non-metals?

Answer 7

Covalent bonding

Question 8

What bonding method is used between a metal and a non-metal?

Answer 8

Ionic bonding

Question 9

What is the Deffenition of Covalent?

Answer 9

A covalent bond is a pair of electrons shared between two nonmetal atoms.
A Strong electrostatic force of attraction between the positive nuclei and the negative electrons

Question 9

What is the definition of Ionic bonds?

Answer 9

The electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 10

Explain the difference in the ability of solid sodium chloride and molten sodium chloride to conduct electricity in terms of their structure? (6)

Answer 10

solid:
(regular arrangement/ lattice)(of ions)
(held together by)
strong (ionic) bonds
strong (electrostatic) forces of attraction
between oppositely charged ions / positive and negatively
charged ions
closely packed together
(when solid) does not conduct
because ions cannot move

Molten:
heat energy (overcomes/breaks) (strong ionic) bonds
strong (strong ( electrostatic) forces of attraction
between oppositely charged ions / positive and negatively
charged ions
ions can move
(therefor) conduct electricity when molten

Question 11

Compare and Contrast ionic bonding and covalent bonding. (6)

Answer 11

Ionic bonds are formed because of the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions whereas covalent bonds are formed because of the electrostatic force of attraction between the positive nuclei and the negative electrons. ions are formed by gaining or losing electrons - in covalent bonding there is a sharing of electrons. Ionic bonds are formed between metals and non-metals as covalent bonding is between non-metals. ionic substances from lattice but on the other hand covalent bonds form molecules. the molecular formula of ionic substances shows you the ratio of ions but the molecular formula is structures shows you the number of atoms in the molecule. Lastly, ionic structures have higher melting points compared to covalent bonds

Question 12

Why do Ionic Compounds Have High Melting/Boiling points?

Answer 12

They have a high melting point because the electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions are strong. A lot of energy is needed to overcome these forces in order to separate the ions and cause the substance to melt

Question 13

Which ion has a higher electrostatic force/melting point than other ion and why? magnesium or potasium?

Answer 13

Magnesium has a higher charge, so it will need more energy to overcome the electrostatic forces of attraction so the melting points will be higher

Question 14

What is the ionic formula for the polyatomic ion: ammonium

Answer 14

NH₄⁺

Question 15

What is the ionic formula for the polyatomic ion: nitrate

Answer 15

NO₃⁻

Question 16

What is the ionic formula for the polyatomic ion: hydroxide

Answer 16

OH⁻

Question 17

What is the ionic formula for the polyatomic ion: Carbonate

Answer 17

CO₃²⁻

Answer 17

SO₃²⁻

Question 18

What is the ionic formula for the polyatomic ion: Sulfate

Answer 18

SO₄²⁻