Chemistry Chapter - Flashcards
What is the force between oppositely charged ions?
electrostatic force
How are ionic Compounds formed?
They are formed by the loss and gain of electrons
What is the mass and charge of the proton, neutron and electron?
The relative mass of the proton and neutron is 1 while the electron is 1/1835 (negligible) The charge of the proton is +1, neutron 0, electron -1
What does the Group number represent?
The amount of electrons in the outer shells
What is a lattice Structure?
A lattice structure is made up of strong ionic bonds that allow “billions” of ions to be packed together in a regular repeating arrangement
What does the period number represent?
The amount of occupied shells
What bonding method is used between non-metals?
Covalent bonding
What bonding method is used between a metal and a non-metal?
Ionic bonding
What is the Deffenition of Covalent?
A covalent bond is a pair of electrons shared between two nonmetal atoms.
A Strong electrostatic force of attraction between the positive nuclei and the negative electrons
What is the definition of Ionic bonds?
The electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
Explain the difference in the ability of solid sodium chloride and molten sodium chloride to conduct electricity in terms of their structure? (6)
solid:
(regular arrangement/ lattice)(of ions)
(held together by)
strong (ionic) bonds
strong (electrostatic) forces of attraction
between oppositely charged ions / positive and negatively
charged ions
closely packed together
(when solid) does not conduct
because ions cannot move
Molten:
heat energy (overcomes/breaks) (strong ionic) bonds
strong (strong ( electrostatic) forces of attraction
between oppositely charged ions / positive and negatively
charged ions
ions can move
(therefor) conduct electricity when molten
Compare and Contrast ionic bonding and covalent bonding. (6)
Ionic bonds are formed because of the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions whereas covalent bonds are formed because of the electrostatic force of attraction between the positive nuclei and the negative electrons. ions are formed by gaining or losing electrons - in covalent bonding there is a sharing of electrons. Ionic bonds are formed between metals and non-metals as covalent bonding is between non-metals. ionic substances from lattice but on the other hand covalent bonds form molecules. the molecular formula of ionic substances shows you the ratio of ions but the molecular formula is structures shows you the number of atoms in the molecule. Lastly, ionic structures have higher melting points compared to covalent bonds
Why do Ionic Compounds Have High Melting/Boiling points?
They have a high melting point because the electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions are strong. A lot of energy is needed to overcome these forces in order to separate the ions and cause the substance to melt
Which ion has a higher electrostatic force/melting point than other ion and why? magnesium or potasium?
Magnesium has a higher charge, so it will need more energy to overcome the electrostatic forces of attraction so the melting points will be higher
What is the ionic formula for the polyatomic ion: ammonium
NH₄⁺
