Chemistry - bonding ( 18th of Sept. )

Question 1

Attractions between atoms in a molecule are

Answer 1

chemical bonds

Question 2

what are chemical bonds

Answer 2

Attractions between atoms in a molecule

Question 3

what are the most stable energy states for atoms and their electrons

Answer 3

molecules

Question 4

Atoms interact such that what

Answer 4

Atoms interact such that both (all) have 8 electrons in their outermost shell

Question 5

In order to gain stability atoms tend to what?

Answer 5

In order to gain stability atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons to form bonds

Question 6

Name the types of bonds

Answer 6

Types of Bonds: 1. Ionic 2. Covalent 3. Hydrogen 4. Metallic

Question 7

In an ionic bond one atom _____ electrons, another _____ electrons

Answer 7

In an ionic bond one atom loses electrons, another gains electrons

Question 8

Give a few characteristics of ionic compounds

Answer 8

Ionic compounds: • Are hard • Are brittle • Have a high melting and boiling point • Involve the transfer of electrons • Conduct electricity when dissolved in water

Question 9

How to name Ionic Compounds

Answer 9

If the metal has more than one oxidation state, the oxidation state is specified by Roman numerals in parentheses  NaCl example: sodium Then name the non-metal, changing the ending of the non-metal to –ide  NaCl example: sodium chloride

Question 10

Give Nonmenclature Examples ( Ionic Compounds )

Answer 10

NaCl
sodium chloride

Fe2O3
iron(III) oxide

KI
potassium iodide

Mg3N2
magnesium nitride

NH4NO3
ammonium nitrate

KClO4
potassium perchlorate

CaCO3
calcium carbonate

NaOH
sodium hydroxide

Question 11

The chemical symbol for the element is surrounded by what

Answer 11

the number of valence electrons present in the ion

Question 12

What is ‘‘Lewis Structures’’

Answer 12

Lewis structures, also known as Lewis dot diagrams, Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures (LEDS), are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule.

Question 13

What is Covalent Bonding

Answer 13

In a covalent bond, two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
Each has 8 electrons in its outermost orbit at least part of the time

Question 14

What are Non-polar covalent bonds? Give an example

Answer 14

Non-polar covalent bonds – atoms share a pair of electrons equally e.g. Hydrogen H2

Question 15

What are polar covalent bonds

Answer 15

Polar covalent bond – unequal sharing of a pair of electrons between atoms. e.g. Water H2O

Question 16

Covalent bond definition

Answer 16

A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.