Chemistry basics

Question 1

Cation

Answer 1

A metal

Question 2

Ionic compound

Answer 2

Metal + Non-metal

Question 3

Molecular compound

Answer 3

Non-metal + Non-metal

Question 3

Anion

Answer 3

Can be a non-metal or poly atomic ion

Question 4

Molecule

Answer 4

Atoms joined together by covalent bonds.

Question 5

Covalent bonds

Answer 5

A bond where atoms share valence electrons.

Question 6

Diatomic Molecules

Answer 6

2 atoms of SAME element, considered to form a molecular substance.

Question 7

The 7 Diatomic molecules

Answer 7

Hydrogen = H2
Nitrogen = N2
Oxygen = O2
Flourine = F2
Chlorine = Cl2
Bromine = Br2
Iodine = l2

Question 8

Special cases :

Answer 8

P4 & S8

Question 9

Prefixes

Answer 9

Mono,Di,Tri,Tetra,Penta,Hexa,Hepta,Octa,Nona,Deca

Question 10

Water

Answer 10

H20

Question 11

Hydrogen Peroxide

Answer 11

H2O2

Question 11

Methane

Answer 11

CH4

Question 12

Ammonia

Answer 12

NH3

Question 13

Laughing gaz

Answer 13

N2O

Question 14

Glucose

Answer 14

C6H12O6

Question 15

Surcose

Answer 15

C12H22O11

Question 16

Ozone

Answer 16

O3

Question 17

(I) Baking Soda

Answer 17

NaHCO3

Question 18

(I) Limestone

Answer 18

CaCO3

Question 19

Left of Stairs

Answer 19

(METALS) They carry a overall positive charge. (AS IONS)

Question 20

Right of Stairs

Answer 20

(NON METALS) They carry a overall negative charge. (AS IONS)

Question 21

Multivalent Ions

Answer 21

• Use Roman numerals (charge on cations).
• Most common listed on the top.

Question 22

Polyatomic Ions

Answer 22

More than 2 capital letters and more than 1 type of atom in ion.

Question 23

Chemical reaction :

Answer 23

Atoms in 1 or more compounds rearranged to create something new.

Question 24

Acids :

Answer 24

• Postive Ion
• Includes HYDRO or -ic acid.
• Reacts w/Metal
• Litmus Red
• PH below 7

Question 25

Physical reaction :

Answer 25

No new substance,affects shape or state,changes can be reversible.

Question 26

Neutralization :

Answer 26

An acid and a base react to form water and salt.

Question 26

Reaction Rate :

Answer 26

The speed (fast/slow) at reactants are converted into products.

Question 26

Bases :

Answer 26

• Negative Ion
• includes HYDROXIDE
• Has OH -
• Reacts w/non-metals
• Litmus Blue
• PH above 7

Question 27

Acids and bases :

Answer 27

Can be classified as acids,bases, and salts.

Question 28

5 types of chemical reactions :

Answer 28

1. Formation / Synthesis
2. Decomposition
3. Single replacement
4. Double replacement
5. Combustion

Question 29

5 Factors affecting reaction rate :

Answer 29

1. temperature
2. Light
3. Concentration
4. Surface area
5. Catalysis

Question 30

Temperature

Answer 30

increased = Faster RR (more collisions)
Decreased = slower rate (less collisions)

Question 31

Concentration

Answer 31

Increased = Faster RR (more collisions)
Decreased = Slower rate (less collisions)

Question 32

Surface Area

Answer 32

Increased = Faster RR (more collisions)
Decreased = Slower rate (less collisions)

Question 32

Light

Answer 32

Increased = Faster RR (more collisions)
Decreased = Slower rate (less collisions)

Question 33

Catalysts

Answer 33

Catalyst added = Faster RR (lowers energy req. for reaction to happen).
No catalyst = Slower rate

Question 34

The collision Theory

Answer 34

• Particles must Collide
• there must be sufficient - energy present
• there must be a correct orientation