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Science Year 8 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Hydrogen

A

H

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2
Q

Helium

A

He

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3
Q

Lithium

A

Li

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4
Q

Beryllium

A

Be

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5
Q

Boron

A

B

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6
Q

Carbon

A

C

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7
Q

Nitrogen

A

N

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8
Q

Oxygen

A

O

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9
Q

Fluorine

A

F

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10
Q

Neon

A

Ne

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11
Q

Sodium

A

Na

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12
Q

Magnesium

A

Mg

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13
Q

Aluminium

A

Al

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14
Q

Silicon

A

Si

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15
Q

Phosphorus

A

P

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16
Q

Sulphur

A

S

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17
Q

Chlorine

A

Cl

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18
Q

Argon

A

Ar

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19
Q

Potassium

A

K

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20
Q

Calcium

A

Ca

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21
Q

What is an element

A

A substance made up of only one type of atom

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22
Q

What is a compound

A

When two or more elements react in a chemical reaction the atoms don’t mix together, they become joined to one another to make compounds

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23
Q

List ways to identify if an element is metallic

A

Tend to be shiny (lustrous)

Are solid at room temp (except mercury)

Good conductors of heat and electricity. This means that they allow heat and electricity to flow easily through them

Can be bent and hammered into sheets (malleable)

Can be stretched into wires (ductile)

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24
Q

Give some examples of metallic elements

A

Aluminium, iron, mercury, gold and silver

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25
Q

List some ways you can identify an element is non-metallic

A

Tend to be dull

Don’t conduct heat or electricity. They’re insulators for electricity and heat

Break or crumble when bent (brittle)

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26
Q

What are minerals

A

Not chemically bonded

Can be made up of elements and compounds

Easily separated

Any combination of two or more elements or compounds

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27
Q

Define:
Solution
Solvent
Solute

A

Solution- a mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another

Solvent- a substance that dissolves another substance

Solute- a substance being dissolved

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28
Q

What is an alloy

A

A mixture of a metal with other metals and non-metals

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29
Q

Give some examples of alloys

A

Stainless steel- tools and cutlery
Brass- doorknobs, tap fittings, coffee pot
Solder- connect components in electrical circuits
Sterling silver- jewellery

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30
Q

What is a mineral

A

A naturally occurring chemical substance that hasn’t been made by an organism and that has atoms arranged into crystal lattices

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31
Q

Where are minerals found

A

Minerals make up most of the rocks found in the earths crust

32
Q

Chemical composition

Mineral

A

A mineral has a definite chemical composition

33
Q

How do identify mineral

A

Colour- many minerals have a similar colour
Lustre- refers to the way a mineral shines in reflected light
Vitreous = shiny luster
Metallic= metal
Dull = doesn’t reflect light well
Non-metallic = no shine
Streak- colour of its powder when rubbed on an unglazed white tile
Hardness- resistance of being scratched eg diamond = hardest mineral scale of hardness

34
Q

What is an ores

A

Rocks that contain valuable minerals

35
Q

What do geologists decide whether an ore is worth extracting

A
  • quality of mineral
  • size
  • type of mineral
  • demand
  • protitability
  • material surrounding the rock
36
Q

Mineral exploration

Wha is aerial exploration

A

A quick way of exploring vast areas of land for mineral resources fairly quickly is to survey it from the using aircraft or helicopter

37
Q

Give some methods of aerial exploration and explain them

A

Magnetic surveys
Magnometer- a device that measures the strength of a magnetic field.
Minerals containing iron, nickel or cobalt change earths magnetic field
Gravity surveys
gravimeters- a very sensitive instrument that measures small differences in the gravitational pull of the earth
Dense rocks and minerals affect the gravitational pull on the aircraft and gravimeters on board can detect this
Electromagnetic surveys
A survey that measures the effects of applying a magnetic fie,d to the earth
Detect ore bodies that are good electrical conductors

38
Q

Seismic surveys

A

When a shock wave is sent into the ground surface, and the reflected sound waves are recorded

39
Q

Geochemical surveys

A

Uses chemistry o show what minerals are presented

Rock and soil samples from the surface may be used but generally holes are drilled into the rocks

40
Q

Satellite images

A

Satellites can take images of the earth using visible light and these other frequencies
images created using data from satellites that detect electromagnetic radiation ion from earth

41
Q

What is physical change

A

A change that doesn’t result in a new substance being produced

42
Q

Changing shape or form

A

A force is applied to break, bend, stretch, crush, twist or compress the object
These changes don’t produce new substances
Eg, when u squash a aluminium can it changes shape but it’s still made just of aluminium

43
Q

What is expansion and contraction

A

Expansion- increase in size
Contracion- decrease in size
Physical changes can occur when the temperature of a substance increases or decreases
When solids, liquids and gases are heated, they expand. And the reverse for contraction.
Eg, hot air balloon use expansion of heated air to lift off the ground

When a substance expands, its volume increases and the atoms are spread further apart

44
Q

What is melting

A

The change of state when a solid is heated and forms a liquid

45
Q

What is freezing

A

The change of state from liquid to solid

46
Q

Whys is evaporation

A

The change of state where a liquid changes to a gas at the surface of the liquid

47
Q

What is condensation

A

A change of state where a gas is cooled and forms a liquid

48
Q

What is mixing and give an example

A

The mixing of two substances is another type of physical change
Eg, peas and corn, they mix but no new substance are formed

49
Q

What is dissolving and give an example

A

When a solid is dissolved in a liquid, they form a mixture
Although the solution looks and acts differently to the solute and solvent, no new substances are formed, for this reason dissolving is a physical change
Eg, when sugar dissolves in water

50
Q

What is chemical change

A

A change that results in a new substance being formed

51
Q

List ways to identify a chemical change

A
  • change of colour
  • a gas is given off
  • a precipitate form (solid)
  • energy is produced or given off
  • seeing light or feelings change in temperature
52
Q

What s the particle model

A

A simplified representation of solids, liquids and gases

53
Q

Explain the arrangement of solids

A

The attraction between particles binds them together tightly
Solids are incompressible and hold their shape
The particles are fixed in positions but they vibrate on the spot

54
Q

Explain the arrangement of liquids

A

The particles are packed tightly together, however they’re not stuck to each other as much as solids
Liquids take the shape of a container

55
Q

Explain the arrangement in gases

A

Particles aren’t stuck to each other at all
Highly compressible
Move in straight lines until hey hit another particle or the side of a container

56
Q

Changes of state in the particle model

Melting

A

Solid- particles vibrate, temp increases vibrations increase, and solid expands
Vibrations become so energetic that the attraction between particles can no longer hold the particles in fixed positions

57
Q

Changes of state in the particle model

Freezing

A

Opposite of melting
As the free moving particles in the liquid are cooled, they slow and become less energetic
Eventually the particles are moving so slowly that the attraction between the particles is able to hold them in position and a solid is formed

58
Q

Changes of state in the particle model

Evaporation

A

Occurs when particles in a liquid escape from the surface of the liquid to form a gas

As the liquid particles are heated they move faster until some are able to break free from the other particles at the surface of the liquid. The escaped particles have formed a gas. They’ve evaporated

59
Q

Changes of state in the particle model

Condensation

A

When a gas is cooled
As temp falls particles gas move more slowly until forces of attraction between the particles stick them together. When the particles stick together, they form a liquid

60
Q

What is a chemical reaction

A

The process of rearranging atoms in substances to form different substances

61
Q

What is a word equation

A

A simple chemical equation where chemical s are represented by their names

62
Q

What is combustion

A

Any chemical reaction where a substance burns in oxygen to produce light and heat

63
Q

What is flammability

A

The chemical property of a substance that describes how easily the substance undergoes combustion

64
Q

Give an example of combustion

A

Methane + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water

65
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + water > oxygen + glucose

66
Q

What is photosynthesis used for

A

Plants use the glucose produced by photosynthesis as food, to provide them with energy to live and grow

67
Q

What is chlorophyll

A

The substance found in plant leaves green and collects energy from the sun for photosynthesis

68
Q

Word equation for respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water vapour

69
Q

What is corrosion

A

A chemical reaction that can cause damage to metals

70
Q

Give an example of a corrosion equation

A

Iron + water + oxygen gas > iron oxide

71
Q

What are monatomic element

A

An element that is made up of many individual atoms

72
Q

What are molecular elements

A

Most non metallic elements are made up of molecules

Molecules are clusters of two or more atoms bonded together

73
Q

Why are crystal lattices

A

Large grid like like structures that repeat the same arrangement of atoms over and over

74
Q

Molecular formula

A

Number of atoms in a formular

75
Q

What is the term for changing from a gas to a solid

A

Deposition

76
Q

What is the term for changing from a solid to a gas

A

Sublimation

Science Year 8 (14 decks)

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