Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

These particles connects quarks together, thereby allowing the formation of protons and neutrons.

A

Gluons

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2
Q

The principle that the volume of a gas times its pressure is constant at a fixed temperature is named after what chemist, who first published the discovery in 1662?

A

Boyle

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3
Q

The chemical element oganesson, whose name became official in November 2016, has the highest atomic number and highest atomic mass of all known (non-hypothetical) elements. Within plus or minus five, what is oganesson’s atomic number?

A

118

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4
Q

First synthesized in 1874, the chemical dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane, with the formula (ClC6H5)2CHC(HCl2), has historically been produced mostly for what purpose? This capability was discovered by Swiss chemist Paul Müller in 1939, earning him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1948.

A

Insecticide

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5
Q

In a chemical reaction where one substance loses electrons through oxidation, the other will gain electrons, through a complementary process called what?

A

Redox reaction

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6
Q

Identify the subatomic particle of the baryon family, believed to be composed of two up quarks and one down quark, which has a mass of 1.672x10^-24 grams and a positive electric charge of 1.602x10^-19 coulombs.

A

Proton

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7
Q

A substance described as stannic, by definition, contains what element (especially with a valence of four)?

A

Tin

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8
Q

These are the six noble gases that occur naturally, in ascending order of atomic weight.

A

Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon , Radon

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9
Q

(1) What is the atomic symbol for Mercury and (2) what Latin word is it derived from?

A

(1) Hg, (2) hydrargyrum

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10
Q

It’s atomic number 22 in your program but number 1 in your heart when an alloy is used in a pacemaker.

A

Titanium

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11
Q

The unit of length equal to 1.616 229(38)×10^-35 meters, the constant in quantum physics equal to 6.62607004×10^-34 m^2 kg/s, and the unit of temperature equal to 1.416 808(33)×10^32 K (considered “absolute hot”) are all named after what Nobel-winning German physicist?

A

Max Planck

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12
Q

If the fictional metallic element vibranium actually existed, it would probably have the symbol Vb or Vi, since the symbol V is already in use for what other rare metal?

A

Vanadium

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13
Q

According to Boyle’s Law, this in gas increases whenever the volume of its container decreases.

A

Pressure

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14
Q

This precious metal boasts the highest thermal and electrical conductivity.

A

Silver

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15
Q

A unit of atomic mass, a dalton is defined as 1/12th the mass of the “12” isotope of this element.

A

Carbon

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16
Q

When dissolved in water, the chemical compound sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) forms a solution commonly known as what?

A

Bleach

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17
Q

This radical self-sustaining type of reaction happens in 3 stages: initiation, propagation and termination.

A

Chain Reaction

18
Q

Steel is an alloy of these two base elements.

A

Carbon (C), Iron (Fe)

19
Q

The chemical compound sodium bicarbonate, when sold in grocery stores, is more commonly labeled as what?

A

Baking Soda

20
Q

In a nutritional context, cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol are often labelled with what letter of the alphabet?

A

(Vitamin) D

21
Q

The sun is a fusion reactor; creating one on earth would require creating this very hot, ionized state of matter.

A

Plasma

22
Q

What alkaloid is by far the world’s most consumed psychoactive drug?

A

Caffeine

23
Q

Most traditional water softeners remove hardness from water by replacing harmful calcium and magnesium ions with ions from what alkali metal element?

A

Sodium

24
Q

All known full-scale weapon tests have employed primaries composed of ²³³U, ²³⁵U, or ²³⁹Pu. What fittingly-named actinoid, having atomic number 93, sits between uranium (U, 92) and plutonium (Pu, 94) on the periodic table, and has a long-lived 144-neutron isotope quite usable as a fission explosive?

A

Neptunium

25
Q

What is the first letter of the alphabet that is not the first (or only) letter of a symbol on the periodic table of elements? It is one of only two such letters (the other is “Q”).

A

J

26
Q

This noble gas is the second-lightest element.

A

Helium

27
Q

When an atom or molecule oxidizes, it loses one or more of these.

A

Electrons

28
Q

CH2O2, which is the simplest organic compound with a carboxyl group (COOH) and is present in the stings of some bees, stinging nettles, and ants, is commonly known by what name?

A

Formic Acid

29
Q

A new branch of chemistry known as electrochemistry was facilitated by Alessandro Volta’s 1800 invention of the voltaic pile, which is today better known as a what?

A

Electric Battery

30
Q

What metal’s salts are called plumbates?

A

Lead was plumbum to the ancient Romans. That’s why its chemical symbol is Pb.

31
Q

The highly poisonous and colorless acid hydrogen cyanide was once more commonly known as an acid described by what seven-letter adjective? The name references a former European state and is derived from the name of the blue pigment from which hydrogen cyanide was first isolated.

A

Prussic

32
Q

What chemistry term for a particle with an unpaired electron is also used in math notation to refer to the square root symbol?

A

Radical

33
Q

The process of boiling a liquid and condensing and collecting the vapor is best known by what term?

A

Distillation

34
Q

What is the only element on the periodic table that derives its name from a river (in this case, a major European river)?

A

Rhenium

35
Q

An atom (or group of atoms) that has lost one or more electrons, making it positively charged, is a specific type of ion known by what name?

A

Cation

36
Q

What’s the only element in Group 1 of the periodic table that’s not one of the “alkali metals”?

A

Hydrogen, being atomic number 1, kind of has to be in Group 1. And it’s certainly not a metal.

37
Q

Following rules established in 1978, the last fifteen newly discovered chemical elements were assigned temporary symbols beginning with what letter of the alphabet?

(Card created January 26th, 2021)

A

Temporary IUPAC names for elements are always derived from the elements’ atomic numbers, and all elements have begun with the digit ‘1’ since element 100 was synthesized in the early 1950s. As a result, all the recently discovered elements have had temporary symbols beginning with ‘U’, for the Latin prefix ‘un-.’

38
Q

What element was first detected as an unexpected line in the spectrum of the Sun in 1868, and discovered on Earth in 1895 (in the uranium mineral cleveite)?

A

Helium

39
Q

Of the actual historical people after whom elements of the periodic table are named, two are women. One is Marie Curie, while the other was a Viennese-born Swedish physicist who was a co-discoverer of nuclear fission in 1938. What is her name, commemorated in element 109?

A

Lise Meitner

40
Q

American chemist Stephanie Kwolek developed the first liquid crystal polymer fiber, leading to the development of poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide, which has a myriad of applications (e.g., tires, cables, helmet, ballistic body armor). This polymer is better known by what brand name owned by DuPont (Kwolek’s employer for 40+ years)?

A

Kevlar

41
Q

Unlike regular ice, the refrigerant known as “dry ice” is not solid water, but rather what other chemical compound?

A

Carbon Dioxide

42
Q

This rare element whose most-prominent use is for making jet engine exhaust nozzles is atomic number 75

A

Rhenium