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NAT SCI > chemistry > Flashcards

chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

nucleus of atom contains (2)

(2) properties of above particles

A

protons and neutrons

measurable: mass & electrical charge

(nucleus has >mass than electrons)

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2
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in nucleus (Z)

PROTONS ONLY

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3
Q

solvent

A

something that creates the dissolving

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4
Q

hydration

A

water is the solvent

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5
Q

compounds

A

2 or more elements bound by chemical reaction

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6
Q

hill system

A

oxygen is listed last in oxides
ionic compounds– positive ion is listed first

or
carbon hydrogen and then alphabetical order

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7
Q

charge of an atom

A

protons - electron

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8
Q

neutral atomic number

A

= to number of electrons

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9
Q

atomic mass

A

total neutrons and protons in nucleus (A)

A= Z+N

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10
Q

atomic weight

A

1/12 ratio to that of atomic mass of carbon

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11
Q

volume of rectangular prism

A

l * w * h

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12
Q

volume of irregular shape

A

how much water it displaces

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13
Q

formula to find density

A

D = mass/ Volume (g/cm3)

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14
Q

specific gravity

A

ratio: substance density /
density of water

substance is less dense than water it floats

buoyancy is what occurs if specific gravity of substance is around 1 = to that of water

density of water at room tem_
1.00g/cm3

at room temperature the density of the substance will always be itself

pressure/ temp will affect the specific gravity ratio

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15
Q

chemical prop. are determined by

A

outer shell valence electron configuration

electron configuration

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16
Q

periodic table

A

ordered by atomic number
letter - name of element
number - atomic number

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17
Q

groups and columbs in perodic table

A

similarities in outter shell
similar chem properties
roman numerials and uppercase letters

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18
Q

classification within the periodic tables groups and are the ___ on the periodic table

how do they group the elements?

A

columns

similar electron configuration - so that element groups contain elements that react chemically similar

1 alkiliine metals
2 alkine earth metals
3-12 transition metals 
13 boron 
14 carbon
15 pnictogens
16 chalcogens 
17 halogins 
18 noble gasses
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19
Q

define matter

A

substances that have mass and occupy volume

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20
Q

name 4 states of matter

name diff in atoms that create diff states of matter

A

solids - atoms ridged , strong bonds

liquid - atoms move, weak bonds

gas - atomsindependent of ea other, far apart, not bonded

plasma - ionized gas (free electrons-not bound to atom)

*diff distances and angles between molecules/atoms – resulting in diff in energy that binds them

21
Q

what is an atom called if the number of protons do not = the number of electrons

what is an atom if they are =

A

ion

neutral

22
Q

hierarchy of matter

A

atoms- molecules- elements- compounds

23
Q

define element

how is it identified

A

matter with one particular type of atom

atomic number

24
Q

define compounds

how are they formed

what method separates them,

A

substance with >2 elements

formed by chemical reactions -which cause them to have diff properties than original elements

& decomposed via chemical – not physical

25
Q

what is a mixture

A

> 2 substances mixed , but not chem. combined

26
Q

elements found in the human body

main (4)

A

carbon
nitrogen
oxygen
hydrogen

27
Q

how is atomic mass notated

A

eg:

carbon-12
hydrongen-1

28
Q

define mol

A

amm (substance) containing as many elementary entities as there as atoms in
.012 kg of carbon-12

29
Q

carbon atomic number

A

6

so it has 6 protons in nucleus

30
Q

carbon has how many electrons?

forms what kind of bonds ?

how many?

A

4 electrons

4 covalent chemical bonds

31
Q

name and define the 4 types of chemical bonds

A 
ionic bonds-  lg diff in electro - 
               broken down via H20
               >1.7
               metals---salts
          nondirect bonding +/- ions

covalent bonds- sm diff in
electro-

32
Q

electronegativity

A

quantitative representation of an atoms ability to attract an electron to itself

33
Q

lone pair of electron

A

non binding electrons that sit in 2’s on the central atom of the compound
eg- H20 exhibits hydrogen bonding and polarity as a result of the bonding

34
Q

chemical properties (define)

give examples

A

qualities of a substance based on chem reactions

eg- atomic number
       electron config
       electron per shell
       electornegativity 
       isotopes 
       atomic radius
35
Q

physical properties

A

observed or measured w/o chem reactions

eg- color
       elasticity
       mass
       vol
        temp
36
Q

mass

A

amount of matter in an object

37
Q

weight

A

measure of gravitational pull

38
Q

volume

A

measure the amount of space
vol of cube = legenth of tube
rec prisim= lwh
irregular shaped obi= displacement

39
Q

density

A

unit of mass per unit volume

D= m/vol
g/cm3

40
Q

what determines chem properties of an atom

A

electrons in the outer most valence shell

determined also by number of protons and electrons

41
Q

what releases or consumes energy

A

chemical reaction

42
Q

how are elements arranged (in order) on the periodic table?

how many recognized elements are there? how many are naturally occurring?

what do the rows indicate?

A

atomic number

114
98

7 rows = same electron subshell
the number represents the number of electrons in the subshell

43
Q

atomic radii decreases

A

decreases from left to right in a period//row

44
Q

in a group or column the radii

A

increases

45
Q

which is larger (metals)
atomic radii
ionic radii

A

atomic radii for metals is larger

46
Q

which is larger (non-metals)

A

ionic radii is larger for nonmetals

47
Q

from left to right on the periodic table the likeness of (electronegativity )
increases or decreases

A

increases

electro- is the likeliness on one atom taking on another’s electrons

48
Q

group

electo- (increases/decreases) going from top to bottom

A

decreases

49
Q

what is ionization energy

the amount of ionizatin energy ___ across a row

the ammount of ionizating energy __down a column

A

amm of energy needed to get rid of outter most electron

increases

decrease

( note that most things increase across and decrease down )

NAT SCI (8 decks)

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