chemistry Flashcards
nucleus of atom contains (2)
(2) properties of above particles
protons and neutrons
measurable: mass & electrical charge
(nucleus has >mass than electrons)
atomic number
number of protons in nucleus (Z)
PROTONS ONLY
solvent
something that creates the dissolving
hydration
water is the solvent
compounds
2 or more elements bound by chemical reaction
hill system
oxygen is listed last in oxides
ionic compounds– positive ion is listed first
or
carbon hydrogen and then alphabetical order
charge of an atom
protons - electron
neutral atomic number
= to number of electrons
atomic mass
total neutrons and protons in nucleus (A)
A= Z+N
atomic weight
1/12 ratio to that of atomic mass of carbon
volume of rectangular prism
l * w * h
volume of irregular shape
how much water it displaces
formula to find density
D = mass/ Volume (g/cm3)
specific gravity
ratio: substance density /
density of water
substance is less dense than water it floats
buoyancy is what occurs if specific gravity of substance is around 1 = to that of water
density of water at room tem_
1.00g/cm3
at room temperature the density of the substance will always be itself
pressure/ temp will affect the specific gravity ratio
chemical prop. are determined by
outer shell valence electron configuration
electron configuration
periodic table
ordered by atomic number
letter - name of element
number - atomic number
groups and columbs in perodic table
similarities in outter shell
similar chem properties
roman numerials and uppercase letters
classification within the periodic tables groups and are the ___ on the periodic table
how do they group the elements?
columns
similar electron configuration - so that element groups contain elements that react chemically similar
1 alkiliine metals 2 alkine earth metals 3-12 transition metals 13 boron 14 carbon 15 pnictogens 16 chalcogens 17 halogins 18 noble gasses
define matter
substances that have mass and occupy volume
name 4 states of matter
name diff in atoms that create diff states of matter
solids - atoms ridged , strong bonds
liquid - atoms move, weak bonds
gas - atomsindependent of ea other, far apart, not bonded
plasma - ionized gas (free electrons-not bound to atom)
*diff distances and angles between molecules/atoms – resulting in diff in energy that binds them
what is an atom called if the number of protons do not = the number of electrons
what is an atom if they are =
ion
neutral
hierarchy of matter
atoms- molecules- elements- compounds
define element
how is it identified
matter with one particular type of atom
atomic number
define compounds
how are they formed
what method separates them,
substance with >2 elements
formed by chemical reactions -which cause them to have diff properties than original elements
& decomposed via chemical – not physical
what is a mixture
> 2 substances mixed , but not chem. combined
elements found in the human body
main (4)
carbon
nitrogen
oxygen
hydrogen
how is atomic mass notated
eg:
carbon-12
hydrongen-1
define mol
amm (substance) containing as many elementary entities as there as atoms in
.012 kg of carbon-12
carbon atomic number
6
so it has 6 protons in nucleus
carbon has how many electrons?
forms what kind of bonds ?
how many?
4 electrons
4 covalent chemical bonds
name and define the 4 types of chemical bonds
ionic bonds- lg diff in electro -
broken down via H20
>1.7
metals---salts
nondirect bonding +/- ions
covalent bonds- sm diff in
electro-
electronegativity
quantitative representation of an atoms ability to attract an electron to itself
lone pair of electron
non binding electrons that sit in 2’s on the central atom of the compound
eg- H20 exhibits hydrogen bonding and polarity as a result of the bonding
chemical properties (define)
give examples
qualities of a substance based on chem reactions
eg- atomic number
electron config
electron per shell
electornegativity
isotopes
atomic radius
physical properties
observed or measured w/o chem reactions
eg- color
elasticity
mass
vol
temp
mass
amount of matter in an object
weight
measure of gravitational pull
volume
measure the amount of space
vol of cube = legenth of tube
rec prisim= lwh
irregular shaped obi= displacement
density
unit of mass per unit volume
D= m/vol
g/cm3
what determines chem properties of an atom
electrons in the outer most valence shell
determined also by number of protons and electrons
what releases or consumes energy
chemical reaction
how are elements arranged (in order) on the periodic table?
how many recognized elements are there? how many are naturally occurring?
what do the rows indicate?
atomic number
114
98
7 rows = same electron subshell
the number represents the number of electrons in the subshell
atomic radii decreases
decreases from left to right in a period//row
in a group or column the radii
increases
which is larger (metals)
atomic radii
ionic radii
atomic radii for metals is larger
which is larger (non-metals)
ionic radii is larger for nonmetals
from left to right on the periodic table the likeness of (electronegativity )
increases or decreases
increases
electro- is the likeliness on one atom taking on another’s electrons
group
electo- (increases/decreases) going from top to bottom
decreases
what is ionization energy
the amount of ionizatin energy ___ across a row
the ammount of ionizating energy __down a column
amm of energy needed to get rid of outter most electron
increases
decrease
( note that most things increase across and decrease down )
