Chemistryđź’‰ Flashcards
Atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Atomic mass
Mass of an average atoms of an element in an atomic mass units
Protons
A positively charged particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom
Neutron
Particle carrying no electric charge and forming part of the nucleus of an atom
Electron
A negatively charged particle found orbiting the nucleus of an atom
Atom
The smallest unit of matter that can take part in a chemical change
Pure element
Seem kind of atom
Philosopher
Study the principles of nature and the universe
Alchemist
Goal is to turn any object into gold and find the fountain of youth
Modern chemist
Study chemistry we know today
Billiard ball model
Discovered compounds are created when atoms of different elements linked together in definite proportions
Thompson’s plum pudding
Discovered electrons and that the items are not invisible
Rutherford’s gold foil
Used radioactive particles shot at a very thin gold foil
Bohr model
Try to solve the problem with in the nuclear model
Chadwick
Discovered the neutron existed in the nucleus
Why is the valence shell important
When two atoms approach each other and react with each other it is their outer shells that come into contact first and it is therefore the electrons in their outer shells that are normally involved in any chemical reaction
Dalton’s atomic theory of matter
All matter is composed of atoms indivisible and indestructible building blocks while all atoms of an element were identical different elements had Atoms of different size
What are five families of the periodic table
Noble gas, halogens, alkali, alkali earth metals, hydrogen
Metals
Solid at room temperature, shiny Lester, good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable can be hammered into sheets, ductile can be drawn into wires
Nonmetals
Over half gases at room temperature, go Lester, usually poor conductors of heat and electricity, brittle, nonductile
Metalloids
Solid at room temperature, maybe shiny or Dahl, may conduct electricity, poor conductors of heat, brittle, nonductile
Physical change
A change in matter in which no new substancesare formed examples ripping paper, cutting oranges,
Matter
What everything is made up of
Chemical change
A change in matter in which at least one new substance with new properties is formed
Explain why the process of growing coffee is hard to classify as physical or chemical change
Boiling coffee involves a chemical change that delicate molecules that gives coffee its flavour, react with air and become a new bitter substance and physical
Chemical bonding involves the interaction of the electrons in which shell?
The valence shell
What is a anion
Negatively charged ion
What is a ion
An atom or electron with a net electric charge due to the loss gain of an electron
What is a cation
Positively charged ion
When electrons are shared they are shared in….
Pairs
What is a Single bond
When one pair the of electrons are being shared
What is a double bond
When two pairs of electrons are being shared
Triple bond
Three pairs are shared
Polymer
A polymer is made up of a large number of similar units that are all bonded
Monomer
Polymer is made up of monomers
