Chemistry

Question 1

What is meant by finite

Answer 1

Limited supply and will eventually run out

Question 2

Where is crude oil found

Answer 2

In the earths crust

Question 3

How is crude oil extracted

Answer 3

A hole was drilled through the rock to release the oil

Question 4

How can crude oil extractions be harmful to wild life

Answer 4

If it floats on the sea it can coat the feathers of sea birds stopping them from floating and flying and may kill them.

Question 5

Why can crude oil be separated into useful parts when heated in a process called fractional distillation

Answer 5

Its a hydrocarbon and contains different boiling points

Question 6

Where do fractions with low boiling points leave out the fractional distillation column

Answer 6

The top

Question 7

The order of which the fractions come out from to to bottom in the fractional distillation column

Answer 7

LPG
Petrol
Paraffin and heating oil 
Diesel 
Lubricating oil 
Fuel oil
Bitumen

Question 8

What does cracking do

Answer 8

Converts long alkane molecules into smaller more useful alkane and alkene molecules

Question 9

What can the alkenes made from cracking be made into

Answer 9

To make polymers

Question 10

What is need from cracking to take place

Answer 10

High temperature and catalyst

Question 11

What is needed to take in consideration when choosing a fuel

Answer 11

Ease of use
Pollution
Toxicity
Cost

Question 12

What is combustion

Answer 12

The burning of fuels

Question 13

What is produced when complete combustion takes place

Answer 13

Carbon Dioxide and water

Question 14

What are the advantages of when a fuel burns completely

Answer 14

Less soot produced

And no poisonous gas produced

Question 15

What has does a blue and yellow flame show

Answer 15

A blue flame shows more energy taking place

A yellow flame shows incomplete combustion taking place

Question 16

Write a word equation for methane with complete combustion

Answer 16

Methane +oxygen ->carbon dioxide +water

Question 17

What does clean air contain

Answer 17

78 nitrogen
21 oxygen
1 other gases including 0.035 carbon dioxide

Question 18

What respires

Answer 18

All living things

Question 19

What does a catalytic converter do

Answer 19

Turns carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide

Question 20

What happens when living things respire

Answer 20

They take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide

This increase the levels of carbon dioxide

Question 21

What do plants do during the day

Answer 21

Photosynthesis

Question 22

What happens during photosynthesis

Answer 22

Plants take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen

Question 23

What effects does photosynthesis and respiration have on the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen

Answer 23

They balance out so the levels stay fairly constant

Question 24

How is acid rain harmful and whats it caused by

Answer 24

Sulfur dioxide from sulfur impurities produced when coal or oils get burned

Kill plants
Makes lakes and rivers acidic
Erodes stonework

Question 25

How can you find out if its alkane and alkenes

Answer 25

To add bromine water . Alkenes react with bromine water and decolourise it Makes it colourless

Question 26

What are monomers

Answer 26

They're small molecules (made from alkenes from cracking)that react together to produce polymers

Question 27

What is polymerisation

Answer 27

When alkenes join together without producing another substance

Question 28

What conditions are needed for polymerisations

Answer 28

High pressure and catalyst

Question 29

What are monomers

Answer 29

The small alkene molecules from cracking

Question 30

Explain what happens in polymerisation

Answer 30

The alkenes double bonds are broken easily Then large molecules therefore can join onto them resulting in long chain molecules Which makes a polymer

Question 31

How can you dispose of plastics

Answer 31

Burning it | Recycling it

Question 32

What is meant by non biodegradable

Answer 32

This means it wont rot away and microorganisms have no effect on it

Question 33

Why is research beginning to develop the idea to create biodegradable

Answer 33

To help reduce the impact that it has on the environment

Question 34

What usually happens when a chemical change takes place

Answer 34

New substances formed Change in mass a gas is released

Question 35

What is denaturing

Answer 35

When protein molecules change shape when heated

Question 36

What does baking powder contain

Answer 36

Sodium hydrocarbonate

Question 37

What the word equation for the decomposition of sodium carbonate

Answer 37

Sodium hdrocarbonate ->sodium carbonate +water +carbon dioxide

Question 38

How can you test if carbon dioxide is present

Answer 38

Adding lime water and and if carbon dioxide is present it will turn milky

Question 39

What is a food additive

Answer 39

Something added to a food to improve it in some way

Question 40

What is an emulsifier

Answer 40

Helps to mix ingredients | E.g oil and water

Question 41

Give me some examples of fossil fuels

Answer 41

Crude oil Coal Natural gas

Question 42

What are esters

Answer 42

Compounds used as senthetics

Question 43

What is a colloid

Answer 43

Mixture of different materials

Question 44

What is a pigment

Answer 44

Gives the paint its colour

Question 45

Whats a binding medium

Answer 45

Oil that sticks the pigment to the wall

Question 46

What is a solvent

Answer 46

Dissolves the binding medium making it easier to spread

Question 47

What are thermochromic paints

Answer 47

Change colour when heated or cooled

Question 48

What are phosphorescent pigment

Answer 48

They glow in the dark by absorbing energy and release it slowly