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Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is meant by finite

A

Limited supply and will eventually run out

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2
Q

Where is crude oil found

A

In the earths crust

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3
Q

How is crude oil extracted

A

A hole was drilled through the rock to release the oil

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4
Q

How can crude oil extractions be harmful to wild life

A

If it floats on the sea it can coat the feathers of sea birds stopping them from floating and flying and may kill them.

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5
Q

Why can crude oil be separated into useful parts when heated in a process called fractional distillation

A

Its a hydrocarbon and contains different boiling points

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6
Q

Where do fractions with low boiling points leave out the fractional distillation column

A

The top

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7
Q

The order of which the fractions come out from to to bottom in the fractional distillation column

A 
LPG
Petrol
Paraffin and heating oil 
Diesel 
Lubricating oil 
Fuel oil
Bitumen
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8
Q

What does cracking do

A

Converts long alkane molecules into smaller more useful alkane and alkene molecules

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9
Q

What can the alkenes made from cracking be made into

A

To make polymers

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10
Q

What is need from cracking to take place

A

High temperature and catalyst

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11
Q

What is needed to take in consideration when choosing a fuel

A

Ease of use
Pollution
Toxicity
Cost

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12
Q

What is combustion

A

The burning of fuels

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13
Q

What is produced when complete combustion takes place

A

Carbon Dioxide and water

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14
Q

What are the advantages of when a fuel burns completely

A

Less soot produced

And no poisonous gas produced

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15
Q

What has does a blue and yellow flame show

A

A blue flame shows more energy taking place

A yellow flame shows incomplete combustion taking place

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16
Q

Write a word equation for methane with complete combustion

A

Methane +oxygen ->carbon dioxide +water

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17
Q

What does clean air contain

A

78 nitrogen
21 oxygen
1 other gases including 0.035 carbon dioxide

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18
Q

What respires

A

All living things

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19
Q

What does a catalytic converter do

A

Turns carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide

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20
Q

What happens when living things respire

A

They take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide

This increase the levels of carbon dioxide

21
Q

What do plants do during the day

A

Photosynthesis

22
Q

What happens during photosynthesis

A

Plants take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen

23
Q

What effects does photosynthesis and respiration have on the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen

A

They balance out so the levels stay fairly constant

24
Q

How is acid rain harmful and whats it caused by

A

Sulfur dioxide from sulfur impurities produced when coal or oils get burned

Kill plants
Makes lakes and rivers acidic
Erodes stonework

25
Q

How can you find out if its alkane and alkenes

A

To add bromine water .
Alkenes react with bromine water and decolourise it
Makes it colourless

26
Q

What are monomers

A

They’re small molecules (made from alkenes from cracking)that react together to produce polymers

27
Q

What is polymerisation

A

When alkenes join together without producing another substance

28
Q

What conditions are needed for polymerisations

A

High pressure and catalyst

29
Q

What are monomers

A

The small alkene molecules from cracking

30
Q

Explain what happens in polymerisation

A

The alkenes double bonds are broken easily
Then large molecules therefore can join onto them resulting in long chain molecules
Which makes a polymer

31
Q

How can you dispose of plastics

A

Burning it

Recycling it

32
Q

What is meant by non biodegradable

A

This means it wont rot away and microorganisms have no effect on it

33
Q

Why is research beginning to develop the idea to create biodegradable

A

To help reduce the impact that it has on the environment

34
Q

What usually happens when a chemical change takes place

A

New substances formed
Change in mass
a gas is released

35
Q

What is denaturing

A

When protein molecules change shape when heated

36
Q

What does baking powder contain

A

Sodium hydrocarbonate

37
Q

What the word equation for the decomposition of sodium carbonate

A

Sodium hdrocarbonate ->sodium carbonate +water +carbon dioxide

38
Q

How can you test if carbon dioxide is present

A

Adding lime water and and if carbon dioxide is present it will turn milky

39
Q

What is a food additive

A

Something added to a food to improve it in some way

40
Q

What is an emulsifier

A

Helps to mix ingredients

E.g oil and water

41
Q

Give me some examples of fossil fuels

A

Crude oil
Coal
Natural gas

42
Q

What are esters

A

Compounds used as senthetics

43
Q

What is a colloid

A

Mixture of different materials

44
Q

What is a pigment

A

Gives the paint its colour

45
Q

Whats a binding medium

A

Oil that sticks the pigment to the wall

46
Q

What is a solvent

A

Dissolves the binding medium making it easier to spread

47
Q

What are thermochromic paints

A

Change colour when heated or cooled

48
Q

What are phosphorescent pigment

A

They glow in the dark by absorbing energy and release it slowly

Biology (5 decks)

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