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Biology > B1 > Flashcards

B1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is blood pressure measured in?

A

Mm of mercury (mmhg)

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2
Q

How can fitness be measured ?

A 
Strength
Speed 
Agility 
Flexibility 
Stamina
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3
Q

What does blood flow through?

A

Veins

Arteries

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4
Q

What causes high blood pressure?

A

Smoking
Being overweight
Drinking too much alcohol
Being under lots of stress

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5
Q

How can high blood pressure be decreased?

A

Exercise and eating a balanced diet

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6
Q

How is blood pumped around the body.

A

Its pumped around the body by Contractions of the heart muscles

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7
Q

How does smoking increase blood pressure

A

Contains nicotine which has a direct effect on the heart which causes the heart to beat faster
Carbon monoxide which decreases how much oxygen the blood can carry.this then increases heart rate .the heart contracts more often which increases blood pressure.

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8
Q

What causes cholesterol build up

A

Eating lots of saturated fats

Also restricts blood flow

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9
Q

What does a balanced diet contain

A

Carbohydrates provide energy
Fats provide energy
Proteins growth and repair of tissues
Vitamins e.g vitamin c to prevent scurvy
Minerals e.g iron which is to make haemoglobin on red blood cells
Water prevents dehydration
Fibre prevent constipation

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10
Q

What is systolic and diastolic pressure?

A

Systolic pressure-the blood pressure is at its highest when the heart contracts.
diastolic pressure-when the heart relaxes the pressure is at its lowest.

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11
Q

What does a balanced diet depend on and how is everyones different

A

Age
Gender
Physical activities
In case they vegetarian,religious reasons and medical reasons

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12
Q

What is an infectious and non infectious diseases

A

Infectious diseases is a disease that can be passed from one person to another e.g flu
Non infectious disease cant be passed on e.g genetic disorders

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13
Q

What are infectious diseases caused by

A

Micro organisms

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14
Q

Where do pathogens come from

A

Disease thats caused by microorganisms

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15
Q

What are the 4 main types of pathogens and give examples of each.

A

Fungi .athletes foot
Bacteria .cholera
Protozoa .single celled organisms)malaria
Viruses .flu

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16
Q

How do you calculate bmi

A

Mass kg

Height M2

17
Q

What are carbohydrates made of

A

Simple sugars such as glucose .

18
Q

What are proteins made of

A

Long chains of amino acids

19
Q

How do you calculate the amount of protein intake needed

A

Ear (estimated average requirement)=0.6xbody mass (kg)

20
Q

What is bulimia nervosa and what happens to people who suffer from this

A

They make them selves vomit or take laxatives after eating to get the food out they’re system before it gets digested.this can lead to large weight fluctuations sore throat poor skin conditon and hair loss

21
Q

What can non infectious diseases be caused from

A

Poor diet e.g lack of vitamin c
Organ mlafunctuations e.g the pancreas can stop producing insulin.
Genetic inheritance e.g red green colour blindness

22
Q

What is cancer caused by

A

Non infectious disease caused by mutations in living cells

23
Q

How can you reduce the likelihood of cancer

A

Not to smoke because it causes lung cancer
Do not drink excess alcohol
Avoid getting sunburnt skin cells damaged by the sun can become cancerous
Eat a healthy diet a high fibre diet can reduce the risk of bowel cancer

24
Q

What is malaria caused by

A

A disease caused by a protozoan which is a parasite

25
Q

Name some of the defences against pathogens

A

The skin acts like a barrier against microorganisms
The respiratory system is lined with specialised cells that produces a sticky liquid mucus that forms a mucus membrane which which traps microorganisms.
Stomach produces hydrochloric acid which kills microorganisms
The blood clots in wounds to prevent microorganisms entering the bloodstream

26
Q

What happens when pathogens manage to enter your body.

A

The white blood cells start reacting
Phagocytes (type of white blood cell that move around the bloodstream searching for pathogens) engulf the pathogens and digest them.lymphocytes (another type of white blood cell)recognise the antigens and produce antibodies that lock onto the antigens and kill the pathogens.

27
Q

What is active immunity

A

If the same pathogen comes again,the white blood cells produce the right antibodies quicker because the pathogen is recognised.
Also be achieved through immunisation

28
Q

What is passive immunity

A

Occurs when the antibodies are put into someones body rather than the body producing it

29
Q

Why are drugs tested

A

To make sure they’re safe , effective and if they work

30
Q

What is binocular vision

A

When the eyes are positioned at the front of the head .this causes them to judge distance and speed accurately.each eye has a limited field of view

31
Q

What is monocular vision

A

Eyes set on each side of their head.usually found in prey .they can see each side and behind and front ,very little overlap so its hard to judge speed.

32
Q

Name the parts of the eye7

A

Retina .contains the receptor cells which are sensitive to light
Optic nerve carries impulses to the brain
Via sensory neurones
Blind spot portion of retina with no light sensitive cells
Pupil made bigger and smaller by the iris
cornea . Refracts light
Lens .focuses light on the retina
Iris.coloured part, controls the amount of light entering the eye

33
Q

How is long and short sight caused

A

Caused by the eyeball or the lens being the wrong shape ,do the light rays cannot be accurately focused on the retina

34
Q

Why do people take drugs

A

For medicine

For pleasure

35
Q

What is a stimulant and give some examples

A

Increases brain activity
Helps combat depression
Nicotine caffeine ecstasy

36
Q

What is a depressant and give me some examples

A

Decreases brain activity
Makes you feel tired
E.g Alcohol

37
Q

What is a painkiller or anaesthetics and give some examples

A

Reduces pain felt by (blocking nerve impulses)
Can be very addictive
Paracetamol ,heroin

38
Q

What is an addiction

A

A psychological need for something

Biology (5 decks)

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