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Chemistry > Chemistry 2nd Semester Final (Matching Vocab) > Flashcards

Chemistry 2nd Semester Final (Matching Vocab) Flashcards

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1
Q

A covalent bond in which only one pair of electrons is shared

A

Single covalent bond

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2
Q

A covalent bond in which the shared electron pair both come from only one of the atoms

A

Coordinate covalent bond

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3
Q

A depiction of the arrangement of atoms in molecules and polyatomic ions

A

Structural formula

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4
Q

The energy required to break a single bond

A

Bond dissociation energy

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5
Q

A covalent bond which only two pairs of electrons are shared

A

Double covalent bond

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6
Q

A type of bond that is very important in determining the properties of water and of many biological molecules

A

Hydrogen bond

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7
Q

A covalent bond between two atoms of significantly different electronegativities

A

Polar bond

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8
Q

Which covalent bond is the weakest?

A

single covalent

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9
Q

Types of structure that occur when it is possible to write more than one electron dot formula

A

resonance

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10
Q

What are the diatomic molecules

A

H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I

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11
Q

VSEPR Theory explains what about molecules

A

3D shape

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12
Q

Atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a(n) _______________.

A

noble gas

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13
Q

The percent by mass of each element in a compound

A

percent composition

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14
Q

STP

A

0 degrees and 1 atm

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15
Q

The number of representative particles of a substance present in 1 mole of that substance

A

Avogadro’s number

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16
Q

The SI unit used to measure the amount of a substance

A

mole

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17
Q

An atom, an ion, or molecule, depending upon the way a substance commonly exists

A

representative particle

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18
Q

The number of grans of an element that is numerically equal to the atomic mass of the element in amu

A

gram atomic mass

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19
Q

The volume occupied by a mole of any gas at STP

A

molar volume

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20
Q

The mass of a mole of an ionic compound

A

gram formula mass

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21
Q

The mass of a mole of any element or compound

A

molar mass

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22
Q

The mass of a mole of a molecular compound

A

gram molecular mass

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23
Q

Atom or group of atoms having a positive charge

A

cation

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24
Q

Any atom or group of atoms having a negative charge

A

anion

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25
Q

A chemical equation that doesn’t indicate the relative amounts of reactants and products

A

skeleton equation

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26
Q

An equation in which each side has the same number of atoms of each element

A

balanced equation

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27
Q

A starting substance in a chemical reaction

A

reactant

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28
Q

A substance that speeds up a reaction without being used in the reaction

A

catalyst

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29
Q

A new substance formed in a chemical reaction

A

product

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30
Q

A list of metals in order of decreasing reactivity

A

activity series of metals

31
Q

A reaction in which a single compound is broken down into simpler substances

A

decomposition reaction

32
Q

A reaction in which oxygen reacts with another substance, often producing heat or light

A

combustion reaction

33
Q

A reaction in which the atoms of one element replace the atoms of a second element

A

single-replacement reaction

34
Q

The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield

A

percent yield

35
Q

The calculated amount of product formed during a reaction

A

theoretical yield

36
Q

The amount of product formed when a reaction is carried out in the laboratory

A

actual yield

37
Q

The reactant that determines the amount of product that can be formed in a reaction

A

limiting reagent

38
Q

Quantity of a reactant that is more than enough to react with a limiting reagent

A

excess reagent

39
Q

Tells us that we start and end with the same quantity

A

Law of Conservation of mass

40
Q

The calculation of quantities in reactions based on a balanced equation

A

Stoichiometry

41
Q

Avogadro’s number

A

6.02x10^23

42
Q

solute ions or molecules are surrounded by solvent molecules

A

solvation

43
Q

dissolving medium

A

solvent

44
Q

compound that ionizes incompletely in aqueous solution

A

weak electrolite

45
Q

compound that will conduct current in the liquid state or in aqueous solution

A

electrolyte

46
Q

homogeneous mixture of water and dissolved substances

A

aqueous solution

47
Q

mixture in which particle size averages between 1 nm and 100 nm diameter

A

colloid

48
Q

another name for wetting agent

A

surfactant

49
Q

absorbs water from air to solution

A

deliquescent

50
Q

dissolved particle in a solution

A

solute

51
Q

another name for drying agent

A

desiccant

52
Q

gives off water of hydration

A

efflorescent

53
Q

water in the crystal structure of a substance

A

water of hydration

54
Q

inward force tending to minimize surface area

A

surface tension

55
Q

mixture in which particle size averages greater than 100 nm in diameter

A

suspension

56
Q

substance that takes water from the air

A

hygroscopic

57
Q

non-colloidal material in a colloidal suspension

A

dispersion medium

58
Q

colloidal particles in a suspension

A

dispersed phase

59
Q

colloid of a liquid in a liquid

A

emulsion

60
Q

solution containing less than the maximum amount of dissolved solute

A

unsaturated solution

61
Q

measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a specified quantity of solvent

A

concentration

62
Q

solution containing more solute than can theoretically dissolve at given temperature

A

supersaturated solution

63
Q

the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of gas above the liquid

A

Henry’s Law

64
Q

solution containing the max amount of solute

A

saturated solution

65
Q

numbers of moles of solute dissolved in 1 L of solution

A

Molarity

66
Q

number of moles of solute dissolved in 1000g of solvent

A

molality

67
Q

ratio of moles of solute in solution to total number of moles of both solvent and solute

A

mole fraction

68
Q

a colligative property related to the fact that ice will form at higher temperatures in the Great Lakes than the ocean

A

freezing point depression

69
Q

a colligative property related to a decrease in the vapor pressure of a solution

A

boiling point elevation

70
Q

describes liquids that are soluble in one another

A

miscible

71
Q

solution containing a small amount of solute

A

dilute solution

72
Q

solution containing a large amount of solute

A

concentrated solution

73
Q

describes liquids that are insoluble in one another

A

immiscible

74
Q

depends on the number of particles a solute yields in a solution

A

colligative property

Chemistry (6 decks)

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