Chemistry Flashcards
Element
fundamental building blocks for everything, can’t be broken down or converted
Trace Elements
make up <.01% of body but are essential for bodily functions
Compound
two or more different elements in a defined ratio
Atoms
smallest unit of structure, made of protons, neutrons, and electrons
Proton
positive charge, half of nucleus
Neutron
no charge, half of nucleus
Electron
negative charge, orbit nucleus
Atomic Number
number of protons, half of weight of atom
Shell
ring of electron surrounding nucleus
Valence Electron
electrons on outermost shell, highest energy
Stable
full valence electron shell
Electronegativity
how strong a nucleus attracts/holds electrons
Chemical Reaction
atoms interact, share, release, or steal electrons to gain stability
Chemical Bonds
interaction of valence electron cause attraction that hold atoms together
Covalent Bond
strong, share electrons to complete valence shell
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
symmetrical charge throughout atoms, hydrophobic
Polar Covalent Bond
asymmetrical charge throughout atoms, hydrophilic
Hydrogen Bond
positive end of polar covalent bond bonds with negative end of another polar covalent bond
Ionic Bond
one atom pulls electron form outer shell of other atom, 2 ions bonded together
Ion
atom with different number of electrons and protons
Cation
positively charged ion
Anion
negatively charged ion
van der Waals Interaction
attraction when atoms are really close together
Molecule
two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Energy
the capacity to move against an opposing force
Potential Energy
stored energy
Kinetic Energy
moving energy
