Cell Flashcards
Cells
fundamental structural unit of living organisms
Differential Cell Fractionation
break open cells, spin cell chunks to separate largest particles into pellet
Prokaryotes
unicellular forms, no membranes
Eubacteria (Bacteria)
true bacteria prokaryotes, live everywhere, diverse metabolisms
Archaebacteria (Archaea)
prokaryotes that live in extreme environments, look more like eukaryotes
Eukaryotes
multicellular forms, membrane bound organelles
Cytoplasm
space between plasma membrane and nuclear envelope
Organelles
membrane bound subcellular compartments for specific functions
Cytosol
gel around membrane bound organelles (does not contain organelles)
Nucleus
contains DNA
Nuclear Envelope
double membrane around nucleus
Nuclear Pore Complex
transportation of macromolecules/DNA in and out of nucleus
Nucleolus
generate ribosomes via RNA and proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum
connected to nuclear envelope
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
flat sheets, ribosomes attached on outside, make proteins for secretion
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
tubular structures, calcium and Ca2+ storage, cholesterol synthesis, base for steroids, membrane synthesis, detoxification, make soluble via enzymes
Golgi Apparatus
process raw material from ER and deliver cell membrane
Lysosome
digests things via enzymes
Central Vacuole
stores water, ions, toxins, etc. in plant cells
Mitochondria
oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids, produce ATP
Semiautonomous Organelle
have its own DNA and ribosomes, derived from swallowing prokaryote bacteria, not part of endomembrane system
Chloroplasts
use photosynthesis to produce energy and starch
Cytoskeleton
filaments and tubules that help shape, motility, replication in cell
Microfilament
very thin, elongated actin filaments
Intermediate Filaments
very tough, bunches of fibrous subunits
Microtubules
hollow tubes of alpha and beta tubulin monomer
