chemistry Flashcards
what is chemistry
the study of matter
what is matter
anything that has mass and occupies space
what are atoms
the smallest particle of an element
and retains the unique properties of that element
what are elements
a basic chemical substance composed of atoms and cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means
proton
the atoms subatomic particle that has a positive
electrical charge
what is an atomic number of an atom
the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom
Radioisotopes
they emit subatomic particles that can be detected and tracked by imaging technologies
compound
when a molecule is made up of two or more atoms of different elements
what is an ion
an atom that has an electrical charge
what is an ionic bond
*chemical bonds created by the electrical attraction between anion and cations
*the opposite charges of cations and anions exert a moderately strong mutual attraction that keeps the atoms in close proximity
what kind of energy is stored
potential energy
what is a decomposition reaction
when a chemical reaction breaks down something larger into smaller constituent parts
what is catalyst
substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions
organic compound
a substance that contains both carbon and hydrogen
SALTS
they are formed when ions form and ionic bond
carbohydrates
they are referred to as saccharides, which means “sugars”
* the word itself means hydrated carbon
*molecule composed of carbon , hydrogen and oxygen
*(CH2O)n
*monosaccharied are the monomers of carbs
*body obtains carbs from plant-based food
what release free energy when its phosphates bonds are broken, supplying energy to the cell
ATP( adenosine triphosphate)
triglycerides
lipids or fats consisting of three fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol backbone
what is a protein
an organic molecule composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
how many electrons are held in the first shell?
2
how many electrons are held in every other shell besides the first shell?
no more than 8
define pH
Negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
define cation
atoms with a positive charge
define anion
atom with a negative charge
define anabolism
assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules
define catabolism
breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules
define metabolism
sum of all catabolic and anabolic reactions that take place in the body
define enzyme
protein or RNA that catalyzes chemical reactions
how are carbs stored in animals?
they are stored as glycogen
how are carbs stored in plants?
they are stored as starches
what is a synthesis reaction
a synthesis reaction is a chemical reaction that joins components that were formerly separate-two components bond to make a larger molecule. energy is required and is stored in the bond
e/x: a+b=ab / note+book—>notebook
what is an orbit?
depicted as a ring where the electrons “circles” the atom
what are atoms made of ?
are made up of smaller subatomic particles, protons , neutrons and electrons
*
neutrons
heavy subatomic particles having no electrical charge and found in the atoms nucleus
electron
subatomic particles having a negative charge and nearly no mass, found orbiting the atoms nucleus
what is an exchange reaction
when bonds are formed and broken , resulting in the transfer of components-bonds are both formed and broken such that the components of the reactants are rearranged
e/x: notebook +worm— >note+bookworm
what is a degradation reaction/ decomposition reaction
bonds between components of larger molecules are broken , resulting in smaller product
e.x: bookworm—>book +worm
what is a reversible reaction?
it is indicated with a double arrow A+bc<— —>AB+C
it is a quality of exchange reaction
what factors influence rates of chemical reactions?
presence or Lack of heat
presence or absence of catalyst
distance between molecules
molecule particle size
how are ions formed
they are charged atoms and are formed when an atom donates or accepts one or more negatively charges electron
what happen when an acid is placed in water
an acid dissociates into hydrogen ions and anions
what happens when a base is placed in water
a base dissociates into hydroxyl ions and cations
what are the properties of water
Water is a lubricant and cushion, a heat sink, a component of liquid mixtures, a byproduct of dehydration synthesis reactions, and a reactant in hydrolysis reactions.
name 4 organic compounds found in the human body and their function
carbs-energy storage
lipids-energy storage
proteins- messengers,receptors,structural integrity , etc
nucleic acids- genetic code production and transport
what is a buffer
can neturalize small amount of acids or bases in body fluids
how are SALTS formed
when ions form ionic bonds
