chemistry

Question 1

what is chemistry

Answer 1

the study of matter

Question 2

what is matter

Answer 2

anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 3

what are atoms

Answer 3

the smallest particle of an element
and retains the unique properties of that element

Question 4

what are elements

Answer 4

a basic chemical substance composed of atoms and cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means

Question 5

proton

Answer 5

the atoms subatomic particle that has a positive
electrical charge

Question 6

what is an atomic number of an atom

Answer 6

the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom

Question 7

Radioisotopes

Answer 7

they emit subatomic particles that can be detected and tracked by imaging technologies

Question 8

compound

Answer 8

when a molecule is made up of two or more atoms of different elements

Question 9

what is an ion

Answer 9

an atom that has an electrical charge

Question 10

what is an ionic bond

Answer 10

*chemical bonds created by the electrical attraction between anion and cations
*the opposite charges of cations and anions exert a moderately strong mutual attraction that keeps the atoms in close proximity

Question 11

what kind of energy is stored

Answer 11

potential energy

Question 12

what is a decomposition reaction

Answer 12

when a chemical reaction breaks down something larger into smaller constituent parts

Question 13

what is catalyst

Answer 13

substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions

Question 14

organic compound

Answer 14

a substance that contains both carbon and hydrogen

Question 15

SALTS

Answer 15

they are formed when ions form and ionic bond

Question 16

carbohydrates

Answer 16

they are referred to as saccharides, which means “sugars”
* the word itself means hydrated carbon
*molecule composed of carbon , hydrogen and oxygen
*(CH2O)n
*monosaccharied are the monomers of carbs
*body obtains carbs from plant-based food

Question 17

what release free energy when its phosphates bonds are broken, supplying energy to the cell

Answer 17

ATP( adenosine triphosphate)

Question 18

triglycerides

Answer 18

lipids or fats consisting of three fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol backbone

Question 19

what is a protein

Answer 19

an organic molecule composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 20

how many electrons are held in the first shell?

Answer 20

2

Question 21

how many electrons are held in every other shell besides the first shell?

Answer 21

no more than 8

Question 22

define pH

Answer 22

Negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

Question 23

define cation

Answer 23

atoms with a positive charge

Question 24

define anion

Answer 24

atom with a negative charge

Question 25

define anabolism

Answer 25

assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules

Question 26

define catabolism

Answer 26

breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules

Question 27

define metabolism

Answer 27

sum of all catabolic and anabolic reactions that take place in the body

Question 28

define enzyme

Answer 28

protein or RNA that catalyzes chemical reactions

Question 29

how are carbs stored in animals?

Answer 29

they are stored as glycogen

Question 30

how are carbs stored in plants?

Answer 30

they are stored as starches

Question 31

what is a synthesis reaction

Answer 31

a synthesis reaction is a chemical reaction that joins components that were formerly separate-two components bond to make a larger molecule. energy is required and is stored in the bond
e/x: a+b=ab / note+book—>notebook

Question 32

what is an orbit?

Answer 32

depicted as a ring where the electrons “circles” the atom

Question 33

what are atoms made of ?

Answer 33

are made up of smaller subatomic particles, protons , neutrons and electrons
*

Question 34

neutrons

Answer 34

heavy subatomic particles having no electrical charge and found in the atoms nucleus

Question 35

electron

Answer 35

subatomic particles having a negative charge and nearly no mass, found orbiting the atoms nucleus

Question 36

what is an exchange reaction

Answer 36

when bonds are formed and broken , resulting in the transfer of components-bonds are both formed and broken such that the components of the reactants are rearranged
e/x: notebook +worm— >note+bookworm

Question 37

what is a degradation reaction/ decomposition reaction

Answer 37

bonds between components of larger molecules are broken , resulting in smaller product
e.x: bookworm—>book +worm

Question 38

what is a reversible reaction?

Answer 38

it is indicated with a double arrow A+bc<— —>AB+C
it is a quality of exchange reaction

Question 39

what factors influence rates of chemical reactions?

Answer 39

presence or Lack of heat
presence or absence of catalyst
distance between molecules
molecule particle size

Question 40

how are ions formed

Answer 40

they are charged atoms and are formed when an atom donates or accepts one or more negatively charges electron

Question 41

what happen when an acid is placed in water

Answer 41

an acid dissociates into hydrogen ions and anions

Question 42

what happens when a base is placed in water

Answer 42

a base dissociates into hydroxyl ions and cations

Question 43

what are the properties of water

Answer 43

Water is a lubricant and cushion, a heat sink, a component of liquid mixtures, a byproduct of dehydration synthesis reactions, and a reactant in hydrolysis reactions.

Question 44

name 4 organic compounds found in the human body and their function

Answer 44

carbs-energy storage
lipids-energy storage
proteins- messengers,receptors,structural integrity , etc
nucleic acids- genetic code production and transport

Question 45

what is a buffer

Answer 45

can neturalize small amount of acids or bases in body fluids

Question 46

how are SALTS formed

Answer 46

when ions form ionic bonds