Chemical Signalling

Question 1

Amino acids

Answer 1

Glutamate, GABA, glycine

Question 2

Classical neurotransmitters

Answer 2

Amino acids, monos mines, acetylcholine

Question 3

Monoamines

Answer 3

Dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin

Question 4

Neuropeptides

Answer 4

Endorphins and enkephalins, CRF, BDNF, others

Question 5

Lipids

Answer 5

Anandamide (endogenous cannabinoid

Question 6

Gases

Answer 6

NO

Question 7

Exocytosis

Answer 7

Fusions of vesicles with membrane. Proteins dock in active zone and are primed, preparing for ca2+, which causes fusion

Question 8

Vesicular recycling

Answer 8

Endocytosis retrieves vehicle from membrane, only with classical NTs

Question 9

Criteria for a neurotransmitter (6)

Answer 9

1. Pre S cell should contain substance as well as mechanism for manufacturing
2. Mechanism for inactivation should also be present
3. Substance should be released from axon terminal upon stimulation
4. receptors should be present on post S cell
5. Direct application of drug or agonist on receptors should have the same effect
6. Application of an antagonist should inhibit the action of the applied substance and the effect of stimulation

Question 10

Kiss and run hypothesis

Answer 10

Vesicles only touch the membrane to release contents instead of completely fusing with membrane

Question 11

Dense core vesicles

Answer 11

Vesicles that contain Neuropeptides, cannot be recycled within axon terminal, requires more frequent stimulation to meet energy demand of their synthesis.
More Ca2+

Question 12

Autoreceptors

Answer 12

Receptor for neurotransmitter released by that neuron

Somatodendritic or terminal