Chemical reactions of fatty acids

Question 1

What are the 4 chemical reactions involving fatty acids

Answer 1

1. Esterification
2. Acid Hydrolysis
3. Saponification
4. Reaction at double bond (unsaturated FA)

Question 2

What is esterification

Answer 2

fatty acid + alcohol = ester + water

Question 3

What is a common ester

Answer 3

ethyl ethanoate

Question 4

what does ethyl ethanoate produce?

Answer 4

A colourless liquid with a sweet pear smell used in sweets and perfumes etc

Question 5

How do you make ethyl ethanoate?

Answer 5

ethnic acid + ethanol = ethyl ethanoate the hydrogen in the COOH in ethnic acid is replaced by an ethyl group

Question 6

What is the formula for ethyl ethanoate

Answer 6

CH3COOCH2CH3

Question 7

How are triglycerides made?

Answer 7

esterification of glycerol and fatty acids and aroma is apples, pears, strawberries

Question 8

What is acid hydrolysis?

Answer 8

It is reverse esterification- produces fatty acids from esters

Question 9

What is another name for acid hydrolysis?

Answer 9

Hydration
Ester + water = carboxylic acid + alcohol
the = is H+ and heat

Question 10

What is saponification?

Answer 10

The base-catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester and produces an ionised salt as a soap.

Question 11

What does saponification form?

Answer 11

Long uncharged hydrocarbon tail and a negative charged terminus – they form micelles that dissolve oil and dirt particles

Question 12

What is the reaction for saponification?

Answer 12

ester + ion hydroxyde = ion carboxylate + alcohol

Question 13

What works on the principle of saponification

Answer 13

Fire extinguishers work on the principle of saponification

Question 14

What is hydrogenation?

Answer 14

An addition reaction that converts unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids

Question 15

What is an example of hydrogenation?

Answer 15

hardening oil by hydrogenating in the presence of a catalyst

Question 16

what does a diet rich in unsaturated (cis) fats cause?

Answer 16

lower cholesterol in blood (good)

Question 17

what does a diet rich in saturated fats cause?

Answer 17

raise cholesterol in the blood (bad)

Question 18

what does a diet rich in trans fats cause?

Answer 18

significantly raises cholesterol in the blood (bad)

Question 19

What is PUFA

Answer 19

Polyunsaturated fatty acids have more than 2 double bonds. Classified as either n-3 or n-6 depending on the position of the first double bond from the methyl end. Linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) are the simplest fatty acids of the n-6 and n-3 families, respectively and are the two essential fatty acids