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11CHEM > Chemical Reactions > Flashcards

Chemical Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

Catalytic decomposition

A

Reactions that involve the breaking down of a chemical substance using another chemical - a catalyst

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2
Q

Precipitation reaction

A

Where two ionic solutions are mixed and an insoluble solid (precipitate) forms

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3
Q

Covalent bonding

A

The sharing of electrons between non-metals to gain a full outer shell

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4
Q

Combination reactions

A

Where two elements react to produce a single, more complex compound

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5
Q

Ionic bonding

A

The transfer of valence electrons between atoms to create an ion

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6
Q

Solubility

A

How much of a substance appears to dissolve in a solvent

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7
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that is not used up in a reaction but takes part - it speeds up the rate of reaction by providing an alternate pathway for the reaction to occur with lower activation energy

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8
Q

Precipitate

A

A solid that forms and sinks to the bottom of a solution

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9
Q

Decomposition Reaction

A

When a compound breaks down into its component elements or simpler molecules. Two kinds –> thermal –> catalytic

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10
Q

Thermal decomposition

A

Reactions involving the break down of a chemical substance using strong heat

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11
Q

Observations

A

Describe what the reactant looked like, what the product looked like (colour, appearance) and what happened during the reaction

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12
Q

Spectator ion

A

An ion that does not take part in a chemical reaction. It remains unchanged and is left out of ionic equations

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13
Q

Aqueous

A

In water

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14
Q

What is cobalt chloride paper used for?

A

A test to prove the presence of water. It turns from blue to pink in the presence of water. (CoCl2)

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15
Q

What is limewater used for?

A

A test to prove the presence of carbon dioxide gas. It turns from clear to milky. (Ca(OH)2)

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16
Q

Metal hydroxide -> thermal decomposition reaction

A

= metal oxide + water

17
Q

Metal carbonate -> thermal decomposition reaction

A

= metal oxide + carbon dioxide

18
Q

Metal hydrogen carbonate ->thermal decomposition reaction

A

= metal carbonate + carbon dioxide + water

19
Q

Hydrogen peroxide catalytic decomposition reaction

A

= oxygen gas + water

20
Q

Why does a precipitate form?

A

A precipitate will form if it is insoluble. If a compound is insoluble, it means that the attractions between the ions in the fixed 3D lattice are greater than the attraction between the ions and solvent molecules.

21
Q

Covalent compound are made of

A

nonmetal and nonmetal

22
Q

Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide requires ______________

A

manganese dioxide

23
Q

Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

A

2H202 -> 2H2O + 02 (with help of manganese dioxide catalyst, MnO2)

24
Q

What do metals react with to form ionic compounds?

A

Non-metals (ie copper +oxygen=copper oxide)

25
Q

What happens when a metal and non-metal react to form an ionic compound?

A

Metal atoms transfer electrons to non-metal atoms and form ions. Metal becomes cations. Non-metals become negative ions

26
Q

What is the attraction between negative and positive atoms called?

A

Electrostatic - this is why ionic solids have high melting and boiling points as it takes lots of energy to break the forces.

27
Q

What do non-metals and non-metals react to form?

A

Covalent compounds

28
Q

What is a covalent compound?

A

A non-metal and non-metal that share electrons to form molecules. Very weak intermolecular between molecules, strong between atoms

29
Q

All reactions need what to occur?

A

Heat

30
Q

Ionic equations in precipitate reactions only involve what?

A

The precipitate and what it forms - everything else is left out

31
Q

Copper oxide colour

A

Black

32
Q

Calcium oxide colour

A

White

33
Q

What is the glowing splint test?

A

Proves the presence of O2 gas by relighting.

34
Q

What is the squeaky pop test>

A

A lit splint proves the presence of H2 gas by making a popping noise.

11CHEM (7 decks)

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