Chemical Pathology 14 - Acute and Chronic Renal failure 1 & 2 Flashcards
What is a normal GFR?
120mls/ min
What are the roles of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?
Proximal: bulk resorption of glomerular filtrate
Distal: fine tuning of composition of filtrate
What is the gold-standard measure of GFR?
Inulin clearance
What is the most clinically-viable measure of GFR?
51Cr-EDTA and 99Tc-DTPA
How can plasma creatinine be used to estimate GFR?
Clearance = P(U x V) P = plasma concentration U = urinary concentration V = plasma volume
What would invalidate a creatinine-based measurement of GFR?
If function is not in a steady state
Why does plasma urea have a limited clinical value for measuring renal function?
Because it can be affected by many things so is highly variable
Describe the movement of creatinine from blood to urine
Freely filtered
Actively transported into urine by tubular cells
What equation can be used to refine your interpretation of creatinine clearance?
Cockcroft Gault Equation
What is the equation for estimated creatinine clearance?
((1.23 x (140- age) x weight))/ serum creatinine
Adjust by 0.85 if female
What is cystatin C, and why is it particularly useful?
Alternative to creatinine clearance
Largely unaffected by muscle mass/ gender/ age
In what condition does cystatin C not give a reliable result for GFR estimation?
Hypo/ hyperthyroidism
How can proteinuria be quantified?
Spot urine measurement
What can a 24-hour urine collection be used for?
- Creatinine clearance estimation
- Examination for stone-forming elements
- Proteinuria quantification (but this can also be done on spot urine testing)
- Electrolyte estimation (but this can also be done on spot urine testing)
What is the first choice of imaging in a suspected renal stone?
Abdo X ray