Chemical Examination pt.2

Question 1

__ cells/uL of RBC is clinically significant

Answer 1

5

Question 2

False positive reactions for blood

Answer 2

Menstrual contamination
Strong oxidizing reagents
Vegetable or bacterial peroxidase

Question 3

Principle for the reagent strip for blood

Answer 3

Pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin

Question 4

Modified true or false:

Myoglobin and hemoglobin has increased CK in myogloninuria and hemoglobinuria

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Historical test for differentiating hemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria

Answer 5

Ammonium sulfate precipitation

Question 6

What are the 3 types of jaundice

Answer 6

Pre-hepatic
Hepatic
Post-hepatic

Question 7

Pre-hepatic increase in bilirubin may be due to what?

Answer 7

Increased heme degredation

Question 8

Hepatic increase in bilirubin may be due to what?

Answer 8

Hepatocellular disorders

Question 9

Pre-hepatic increase in bilirubin may be due to what?

Answer 9

Obstruction after the liver

Question 10

Urobilinogen and bilirubin levels in pre-hepatic jaundice in the urine

Answer 10

High urobilinogen
Low bilirubin

Question 11

Urobilinogen and bilirubin levels in hepatic jaundice in the urine

Answer 11

Normal to high urobilinogen
High bilirubin

Question 12

Urobilinogen and bilirubin levels in post-hepatic jaundice in the urine

Answer 12

Low urobilinogen
High bilirubin

Question 13

Why is there an increased urine bilirubin in hepatic jaundice?

Answer 13

The liver recirculates the majority of bilirubin into the kidney

Question 14

In post-hepatic jaundice, what causes the increased bilirubin? Why?

Answer 14

Increased bilirubin is increased due to obstruction. Since there is an obstruction, bilirubin cannot be converted to urobilinogen.

Question 15

What is the reagent strip reaction called for bilirubin, and explain how it works

Answer 15

Diazo reaction

Conjugated bilirubin + diazonium salt = Azobilirubin

Question 16

False positive reactions for bilirubin

Answer 16

Highly pigmented urine
Indican
Metabolites of Lodine

Question 17

False negative results for bilirubin

Answer 17

Exposure to light
Ascorbic acid
High nitrite concentrations

Question 18

What is the confirmatory test for bilirubin?

Answer 18

Ictotest tablets

Question 19

___ drops of urine must be placed on an absorbent test mat

Answer 19

10

Question 20

How long can the color change be observed in Ictotest?

Answer 20

30 seconds

Question 21

Normal concentration of urobilinogen

Answer 21

1 mg/dL or less

Question 22

Urobilinogen can be tested after ____ hours after mid-day meal

Answer 22

2

Question 23

When urobilinogen oxidizes, it turns into _____

Answer 23

Urobilin

Question 24

What is the old quantitative method for screening urobilinogen

Answer 24

Classic Ehrlich’s reaction

Question 25

Ideal specimen for nitrite testing

Answer 25

First morning urine

Question 26

Reagent strip reaction for nitrite

Answer 26

Greiss reaction

Question 27

Minimum amount per hpf for leukocyte esterase

Answer 27

20/hpf