Amniotic Fluid

Question 1

What is the unit used when talking about pregnancy?

Answer 1

Weeks

Question 2

What weeks are there in the 1st trimester?

Answer 2

1st to 12th week

Question 3

Weeks that the 3rd trimester represent

Answer 3

27 weeks to day of delivery

Question 4

Main purposes of the amniotic fluid

Answer 4

• To cushion and protect the fetus
• Enables movement of the fetus
• Provide nutrients

Question 5

The amniotic fluid fills a membrane called ______.

Answer 5

Amnion

Question 6

The membrane that the amniotic fluid fills up is composed of what type of cells?

Answer 6

Cuboidal epithelial cells

Question 7

In the late stages of pregnancy, how is the fetus contributing to the contents of the amniotic fluid?

Answer 7

The fetus has already developed lungs and kidneys, thus it can already swallow some fluid and then urinate.

Question 8

True or false:

The fetus is able to inhale the amniotic fluid

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is the most commonly performed method of collection of the amniotic fluid?

Answer 9

Transabdominal amniocentesis

Question 10

The amniotic fluid is typically collected after ____ weeks of gestation.

Answer 10

14

Question 11

In the collection of amniotic fluid, why is the first 2-3ml discarded?

Answer 11

To avoid contamination

Question 12

At how many weeks of gestation do we assess for neural tube defects or genetic abnormalities?

Answer 12

14-18 weeks

Question 13

At how many weeks of gestation do we assess for the pulmonary and fetal health status?

Answer 13

20-42 weeks

Question 14

Modified true or false:

Amniotic fluid has urea and creatinine levels equal to the urine

Answer 14

False

Plasma

Question 15

In cases of fetal death, what is the color of the amniotic fluid?

Answer 15

Dark-red brown

Question 16

This test is done in cases of anticipated premature deliveries.

Answer 16

Fetal lung maturity test

Question 17

This is measured to indicate the maturity of the lungs of the fetus

Answer 17

Surfactants

Question 18

Surfactants are made out of:

Answer 18

90% phospholipids, 10% protein

Question 19

Surfactants are packaged into storage granules called ________.

Answer 19

Lamellar bodies

Question 20

Lamellar bodies are secred by:

Answer 20

Type 2 pneumocytes

Question 21

What are some of the tests that determine the fetus’ lung maturity

Answer 21

Lecithin/Sphingomyelin ratio
Phosphatidylglycerol
Foam stability index
Lamellar body count
Flourescence polarization assay

Question 22

Lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio is tested using _____.

Answer 22

Thin layer chromatography (TLC)

Question 23

Amniostat-FLM uses what antibodies?

Answer 23

Anti-PG

Question 24

How do you report the result for AmnioStat?

Answer 24

negative, low positive, & high positive

Question 25

Also known as the shake test

Answer 25

Foam stability test

Question 26

Modified true or false:

The foam stability test is a confirmatory test for the lung maturity of the fetus.

Answer 26

False

Screening test

Question 27

In foam stability test, the amniotic fluid is mixed with _____ then shaked for ____ seconds.

Answer 27

95% ethanol, 5 seconds

Question 28

Amniotic fluid bilirubin is tested using what method?

Answer 28

Spectrophotometry

Question 29

What is the oldest routinely performed test on AF?

Answer 29

Amniotic fluid bilirubin testing

Question 30

The AF bilirubin optical density is measured in intervals between ____ nm and ____ nm.

Answer 30

365, 550

Question 31

At what wavelength can bilirubin be absorbed?

Answer 31

450nm

Question 32

Neural tube defects may be dected by measuring _______.

Answer 32

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein

Question 33

Examplea of NTDs

Answer 33

Anencephaly
Spina bifida