Chemical Digestion Flashcards
What are the 4 types of macromolecules?
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate called?
Monosaccharide
Out of the 4 macromolecules which is not a polymer?
Lipids
What are the 3 types of Lipids?
- Fats
- Phospholipids
- Steroids
What are fats made of?
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids (AKA a TRIGLYCERIDE)
What are the monomers of proteins?
Amino Acids
What are the bonds called that hold proteins together
Peptide bonds
What are the 4 structures of proteins
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
- Quaternary
What is a the primary structure?
- a sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds
What is the secondary structure?
-hydrogen bonds between the backbone components of the primary structure
-alpha helix and beta sheets
What is the tertiary structure?
-interactions between R-groups
-sets up the SHAPE
What is the quaternary structure?
- interactions between polypeptide subunits
What are the monomers of nucleic acids called?
Nucleotides
What is the name for all digestive enzymes?
Hydrolases
“The chemical upon which an enzyme works”
Substrate
Where is Amylase made?
- salivary glands
- pancreas
Where is pepsin made?
Stomach
What other enzymes are made in the pancreas?
- Protease
- Lipase
- Ribonuclease
What do bile salts do?
Emulsification
What is another term for the word “Swallowing”
DEGLUTITION
What are the 2 stages of swallowing? Are they voluntary or involuntary?
- Buccal- voluntary
- Pharyngeal esophageal- involuntary
What is the wave like movement to move anything through the digestive system called?
Peristalsis
What is the contraction and relaxation of the stomach that spreads chyme?
Segmentation
What are the 3 factors that DENATURE a protein?
- PH
- Salt concentration
- Temperature
What is the process called when a polymer is disassembled to a monomer?
Hydrolysis (addition of a water molecule)
What is the opposite of Hydrolysis?
Dehydration (loss of a water molecule)
