Blood

Question 1

What are the 3 kinds of plasma proteins in the blood? And what are their functions?

Answer 1

1. Albumin- osmotic pressure
2. Globulins- create antibodies
3. Fibrinogens- generate FIBRIN for blood clotting

Question 2

What is the pH of Blood?

Answer 2

7.4 +_ 0.05

Question 3

What is a Hemoglobin made of?

Answer 3

4 polypeptide chains
- 2 Alpha
- 2 Beta

Question 4

What are the 3 types of hemoglobin?

Answer 4

1. Oxyhemoglobin- O2 in lungs
2. Deoxyhemoglobin- O2 in tissues
3. Carbaminohemoglobin- CO2 loading in tissues

Question 5

What is the life cycle of a Red Blood Cell

Answer 5

• Lifespan of 120 days
  -Erythropoiesis is the creation of RBC’s
  -^Stimulated by HYPOXIA…
  -Causes:
  - too little RBC’s
  - reduced oxygen
  - insufficient hemoglobin
• Kidneys then release ERYTHROPOIETIN (EPO)
• EPO stimulates the RED BONE MARROW,
• Red Blood Cells INCREASE
• Oxygen carrying capacity of blood INCREASE

Question 6

How is a Red Blood Cells destructed?

Answer 6

1. Heme turns into Bilirubin (secreted by the liver)
2. Bilirubin turn into a pigment called UROBILINOGEN
3. UROBILINOGEN EXITS from urine OR in feces as STERCOBILIN (a brown pigment)

Question 7

What happens when you give someone the wrong type of blood?

Answer 7

Agglutination

Question 8

What is Anemia and what causes it?

Answer 8

When the blood has a low oxygen capacity
Causes:
1. Blood loss
2. Low RBC production
3. High RBC production

Question 9

What are the 6 types of Leukocytes?

Answer 9

1. Neutrophils
2. Lymphocytes
3. Monocytes
4. Eosinophils
5. Basophils

Question 10

Which types of Leukocytes are GRANULOCYTES?

Answer 10

Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils

Question 11

Which types of leukocytes are AGRANULOCYTES?

Answer 11

Lymphocytes
Monocytes

Question 12

What is the function of a Neutrophil?

Answer 12

Phagocytize bacteria

Question 13

What is the function of a lymphocyte?

Answer 13

Makes B and T cells

Question 14

What is the function of a monocyte?

Answer 14

turns into macrophages

Question 15

What is the function of eosinophils?

Answer 15

Fight parasitic worms

Question 16

What is the function of basophils?

Answer 16

Releases histamine which causes inflammation

Question 17

What is the function of a platelet?

Answer 17

• Forms a PLATELET PLUG that helps seal in blood vessels
• Regulated by THROMBOPOIETIN
• Is followed by COAGULATION

Question 18

What is HEMOSTASIS? And what are the steps?

Answer 18

• the stoppage of bleeding when collagen is exposed
  1. Coagulation
  2. Fibrinogen is made by the LIVER which circulates in the blood and is converted by THROMBIN into FIBRIN

Question 19

Besides the 5 formed elements in the blood what are the rest?

Answer 19

Erythrocytes- transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
Leukocytes- diapedesis
Platelets- blood clotting, seals holes

Question 20

What is Diapedesis?

Answer 20

When leukocytes squeeze through gaps between cells

Question 21

When a cell is annucleate what does that mean?

Answer 21

1. It cannot reproduce
2. It cannot repair damage
3. It lacks a nucleus and organelles

Question 22

What is polycythemia and what causes it?

Answer 22

1. Too many Red Blood Cells
2. Caused by…
   -high altitudes
   -bone marrow cancer