Chemical Control of Behavior

Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Answer 1

maintenance of the body’s internal environment within a certain range

Question 2

What are the 3 functional structures of the hypothalamus?

Answer 2

Lateral hypothalamus, medial ventral zone, periventricular zone

Question 3

The lateral hypothalamus controls _______; conversely the ventromedial hypothalamus controls ______

Answer 3

hunger; satiety

Question 4

What happens if the ventromedial hypothalamus is lesioned?

Answer 4

excessive eating

Question 5

What function does the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the periventricular zone have?

Answer 5

Establishes Circadian Rhythms with respect to the light/dark cycle

Question 6

How do cortisol levels in the body change during the day?

Answer 6

Rise just before waking up, then drop steadily throughout the day

Question 7

Which part of the pituitary is actually a gland?

Answer 7

anterior

Question 8

Which neurohormones do magnocellular secretory cells secrete?

Answer 8

oxytocin and vasopressin

Question 9

When is oxytocin highest?

Answer 9

intimate/sexual behavior, pregnancy

Question 10

What is another name for vasopressin?

Answer 10

antidiuretic hormone

Question 11

What is vasopressin’s function and how does it perform said function?

Answer 11

it regulated blood volume and salt concentration; causes kidneys to release renin, which acts on angiotensin I in the liver, which acts on angiotensin II, which raises blood pressure and causes thirst when detected by the subfornical organ in the hypothalamus

Question 12

What part of the hypothalamus detects angiotensin II?

Answer 12

subfornical organ

Question 13

The anterior pituitary controls the _____ system.

Answer 13

endocrine

Question 14

Parvocellular neurosecretory cells communicate with the anterior pituitary via ______

Answer 14

hypothalamo-pituitary portal circulation/local blood vessels

Question 15

Parvocellular neurosecretory cells release hypophysiotropic hormones, which bind to receptors on the anterior pituitary to

Answer 15

secrete or halt secretion of hormones into blood

Question 16

Which hormone released by the parvocellular neurosecretory cells causes the release of cortisol?

Answer 16

CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone)

Question 17

What does the somatic nervous system control?

Answer 17

skeletal muscles

Question 18

Preganglionic neurons in the somatic and autonomic nervous system release which neurotransmitter?

Answer 18

acetylcholine

Question 19

The sympathetic nervous system activates the body’s _______ response. The parasympathetic nervous system activates the _______ response.

Answer 19

fight or flight/emergency; rest and digest/relaxation

Question 20

Postganglionic cells in the sympathetic NS release ______; those in the parasympathetic NS release _____

Answer 20

norepinephrine; acetylcholine

Question 21

Acetylcholine released by postganglionic cells in the parasympathetic NS bind to ______ receptors.

Answer 21

muscarinic

Question 22

Sympathomimetic drugs enhance ______ and reduce _____ action.

Answer 22

norepinephrine; muscarinic

Question 23

Parasympathomimetic drugs mimic the activation of the ______ nervous system.

Answer 23

parasympathetic

Question 24

The enteric division of the autonomic NS monitors and controls _______ functions.

Answer 24

gastrointestinal

Question 25

Why is negative feedback important to consider when taking prescription steroids?

Answer 25

The body will think cortisol levels are too high and inhibit the release of it.

Question 26

The nucleus of the solitary tract integrates information from ______ and coordinates output to ________

Answer 26

internal organs; autonomic brain stem nuclei

Question 27

What are the two major areas of cell body concentration in the dopaminergic system?

Answer 27

Substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area

Question 28

What does the ventral tegmental area control?

Answer 28

reward, reinforcement and appetitive behaviour

Question 29

Diffuse modulatory systems perform _____ functions, and have diverse and widespread effects on the brain.

Answer 29

regulatory

Question 30

The core of the noradrenergic system is in the ______

Answer 30

Locus Coeruleus

Question 31

The cell bodies of the serotonergic are found in the ______

Answer 31

Raphe nuclei

Question 32

Psychoactive drugs affect the _____ system; stimulant drugs affect _______ systems by blocking reuptake of the neurotransmitters.

Answer 32

serotonergic; catecholaminergic