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CHEMISTRY GCSE > CHEMICAL CHANGES > Flashcards

CHEMICAL CHANGES Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two ways you can test the ph of a solution

A

universal indicator and a ph probe

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2
Q

what does a ph probe give you the ph as

A

an numerical value

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3
Q

when acids dissolve in water what do they form

A

H+ ions

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4
Q

when alkalis dissolve in water what do they from

A

OH- ions

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5
Q

what is the neutralisation equation

A

acid + Base ——– salt + water

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6
Q

acid + base =

A

salt + water

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7
Q

neutralisation symbol equation

A

(H+) + OH- —— H2O

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8
Q

what does an acid and an alkali make

A

water which is neutral

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9
Q

when a acid neutralises a base the products are…..

A

neutral

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10
Q

strong acids…

A

fully ionise in water

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11
Q

in strong acids all acid particles….

A

dissociate to release H+ ions

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12
Q

examples of strong acids

A

sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid

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13
Q

weak acids…

A

partially ionise in water

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14
Q

in weak acids…. (particles)

A

only a small amount of acid particles dissociate to release H+ ions

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15
Q

examples of weak acids

A

ethanoic, citric and carbonic

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16
Q

symbol for hydrochloric acid

A

HCL

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17
Q

symbol for nitric acid

A

HNO3

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18
Q

symbol for sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

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19
Q

pH is a measure of….

A

the concentration of H+ ions

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20
Q

acid + metal oxide =

A

salt + water

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21
Q

acid + metal hydroxide =

A

salt + water

22
Q

acid + metal carbonate =

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

23
Q

acid + metal base =

A

salt + water

24
Q

mnemonic for the reactivity series

A 
Please       POTASSIUM
Stop          SODIUM
Calling      CALCIUM
Me            MAGNESIUM
A               ALUMINIUM
Careless   CARBON
Zebra       ZINC
Instead    IRON
Try           TIN
Learning LEAD
How       HYDROGEN
Copper   COPPER
Saves   SILVER
Gold     GOLD
25
Q

acid + metal =

A

salt + hydrogen

26
Q

metal + water =

A

metal hydroxide + hydrogen`

27
Q

what is oxidation in terms of oxygen

A

gain of oxygen

28
Q

what is reduction in terms of oxygen

A

loss of oxygen

29
Q

what metals can be extracted by reduction using carbon

A

metals below carbon in the reactivity series

30
Q

how are metals extracted from their ores by reduction with carbon

A

the ore is reduced as oxygen is removed from it, and carbon gains oxygen so is oxidised

31
Q

what metals can be extracted by using electrolysis

A

metals higher than carbon in the reactivity series

32
Q

what is oxidation in terms of electrons

A

oxidation is the loss of electrons

33
Q

what is reduction in terms of electrons

A

reduction is gain of electrons

34
Q

mnemonic for oxidation and reduction in terms of electrons

A

OILRIG

OXIDATION IS LOSS REDUCTION IS GAIN

35
Q

What is a displacement reaction

A

a more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from its compound

36
Q

where is lithium on the periodic table

A

underneath sodium

37
Q

what is an electrolyte

A

is a liquid or solution that can conduct electricity

38
Q

what are the two electrodes

A

anode and cathode

39
Q

where do the positive ions in an electrolyte move to? and what happens there

A

the cathode where they are reduced

40
Q

where do the negative ions in an electrolyte move to? and what happens there

A

the anode where they are oxidised

41
Q

in electrolysis of aqueous solutions what happens at the anode

A

if halide ions are present a halogen will be formed

if no halide ions are present oxygen will be formed

42
Q

in electrolysis of aqueous solutions what happens at the cathode

A

if the metal is more reactive than hydrogen ,, hydrogen will form
if the metal is less reactive than hydrogen,, the metal will form

43
Q

at the cathode does it lose or gain electrons?

A

gain electrons

44
Q

at the anode does it lose or gain electrons?

A

lose electrons

45
Q

in half equations for redox reactions if the electrons are on the right hand side it is

A

oxidation

46
Q

in half equations for redox reactions if the electrons are on the left hand side it is

A

reduction

47
Q

at the anode is it oxidation or reduction

A

oxidation

48
Q

at the cathode is it oxidation or reduction

A

reduction

49
Q

Sodium is one of the most abundant metals on Earth. Explain, as fully as you can, why sodium was not extracted until 1807.

A

sodium is very reactive

have to use electrolysis to remove it,

50
Q

explain why an acid can be described as both strong and dilute

A

can be called strong acid because it is completlely ionised but can be called dilute because small amount of acid per unit volume

CHEMISTRY GCSE (13 decks)

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