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CHEMISTRY GCSE > Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table > Flashcards

Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the nucleus contain

A

the nucleus contains protons and neutrons

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2
Q

what charge is the nucleus

A

positive

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3
Q

what charge are electrons

A

electrons are negatively charged

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4
Q

what does atomic number tell you

A

protons

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5
Q

what does mass number tell you

A

protons and neutrons

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6
Q

what is an isotope

A

isotopes have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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7
Q

what are compounds

A

compounds are substances formed from two or more elements

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8
Q

what was the first assumption atoms were and who made it?

A

John Dalton described atoms as solid spheres and that different spheres made up different elements.

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9
Q

who disagreed after experimenting that atoms weren’t solid spheres and what did he find out

A

JJ Thompson discovered the plum pudding model, In this model, the atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

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10
Q

who proved that the plum pudding model was wrong? and how did he prove this?

A

Ernest Rutherford proved the plum pudding model wrong by conducting the alpha particle scattering experiment.

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11
Q

Explain what led to the plum pudding model of the atom being replaced by the nuclear model of the atom.

A

alpha particle scattering experiment
alpha particles directed at gold foil
most alpha particles pass straight through which means most of atom is empty space
a few alpha particles deflected through large angles  this means mass is concentrated at centre of atom and the nucleus is positively charged

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12
Q

who came up with the nuclear model and what was it

A

Nielhs Bohr proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed shells and that each shell is a fixed distance away from the nucleus

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13
Q

In the early 1800s what were elements arranged in?

A

Atomic Mass

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14
Q

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his table

A

to make sure that elements with similar properties stayed in the same group, also these gaps represented undiscovered elements which Mendeleev could predict the properties of.

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15
Q

what do group numbers represent

A

the charge

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16
Q

what do row numbers represent

A

how many shells the element has

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17
Q

what are the properties of metals 4 things

A

They’re strong
Malleable
They conduct heat and electricity
They have high melting and boiling points

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18
Q

What are the properties of transition metals 5 things

A 
good conductors of heat and electricity
very dense, strong and shiny
they can form more than one ion 
they are coloured compounds
They are good catalysts
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19
Q

what are group 1 metals known as

A

Alkali Metals

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20
Q

How many electrons do group 1 elements have in their outer shell THIS MAKES THEM…

A

one and this makes them very reactive and gives them similar properties

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21
Q

properties of alkali metals

A

They are soft and have a low density, low melting and boiling points

22
Q

what are the trends as you go down group 1

A
  1. As you go down group 1 the more reactive the elements are this is because the electron on its outer shell is lost easily as the attraction between the electron and the nucleus decreases because the electron is further away from the nucleus
  2. Higher Relative Atomic Mass
  3. Lower melting and boiling points
23
Q

What Compounds do alkali metals form with non metals

A

Ionic Compounds

24
Q

Group 1 Metals reaction with Water

A

they react vigorously to produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxides
the more reactive the metal the more violent the reaction
as you go down the group the more energy is given out by the reaction

25
Q

Group 1 metals reaction with chlorine

A

Group 1 metals react vigorously when heated in chlorine gas to form white metal chloride salts
As you go down the group the more vigorous the reaction

26
Q

Group 1 metals reaction with Oxygen

A

Group 1 metals react with oxygen to form an metal oxide

27
Q

What are group 7 elements known as

A

Halogens

28
Q

All the halogens have….

A

Coloured VApours

29
Q

The coloured vapours (Group 7)

fluorine=
chlorine=
bromine=
iodine=

A

Fluorine- Yellow gas
Chlorine- dense green gas
Bromine- red brown liquid
Iodine- purple

30
Q

What compounds can halogens form

A

Molecular Compounds

31
Q

More reactive halogens will…..

A

displace less reactive ones

32
Q

what is a displacement reaction

A

A displacement reaction can occur between a more reactive halogen and the salt of a less reactive one

33
Q

the trends in group 7

A

as you go down group 7 it becomes less reactive as its harder to gain an extra electron because the outer shells further from the nucleus

as you go down they have higher melting and boiling points

as you go down they have higher relative atomic masses

34
Q

what ions do the halogens form

A

1- ions

35
Q

what are group 0 elements known as

A

they are known as noble gases

36
Q

how many electrons are in the outer shell of a noble gas

A

they have a full outer shell of eight electrons

37
Q

are noble gases reactive

A

no they hardly react at all

38
Q

what do noble gases exist as

A

noble gases exist as monatomic gases- single atoms not bonded to each other

39
Q

what are noble gases at room temperature

A

they are colourless gases at room temperatures

40
Q

the trends in group 0

A

the boiling points of noble gases increase as you move down the group this is due to the increase in the number of electrons in each atom leading to the greater intermolecular forces between them which they need to overcome
the relative atomic mass increases as you go down

41
Q

what does a pure substance consist of

A

a pure substance consists only of one element or one compound

42
Q

who led to the discovery of protons

A

james chadwick

43
Q

an element has three different isotopes what do they all have in similar

A

all have the same chemical properties

44
Q

what is an isotope named after

A

its element and its mass number

45
Q

how do you work out the atomic mass of an element

A

change percentage abundance of isotope to a decimal and times it by mass number
once you’ve done that add both of them together

46
Q

what do halogens exist as

A

simple molecules

47
Q

what are halogens joined together by

A

a covalent bond

48
Q

what happens when an halogen reacts with a halide

A

produces a hydrogen halide

49
Q

what are hydrogen halides

A

hydrogen halides are gases at room temperature. They dissolve in water to produce acidic solutions.

50
Q

halogens different reactions with hydrogen

A

Fluorine
Explodes at room temperature and in the dark, forming hydrogen fluoride
Chlorine
Explodes with a flame or in sunlight, forming hydrogen chloride
Bromine
Vigorous reaction when warmed with hydrogen, forming hydrogen bromide
Iodine
Very slow reaction when heated strongly, forming some hydrogen iodide

51
Q

chadwicks work on the atom led to a better understanding of isotopes explain hows his work led to this understanding

A

chadwich provided the evidence for neutrons

this was helpful as isotopes have the same number of protons but with a different number of neutrons

52
Q

describe a method to find the poition of an unknown metal in this reactivity series

A

add all metals to an acid
measure the temperature change or compare rate of reaction
place metals in order of temp change or rate of reaction
to give valid results you should use the same volume of acid

CHEMISTRY GCSE (13 decks)

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