Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations Flashcards
Physiologists
Study tissues and the body
Ecologists
Study organisms and their environment
Theory
If results are consistent over many experiments
Characteristics of Life
Complex
Able to change in response to their environment/respond to stimuli
Able to reproduce
Capacity to evolve
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. Whatever amount of energy goes into a system, is the same as what comes out.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
When entropy decreases it requires energy. Entropy of the universe is always increasing over time. You can’t get equal energy out of a system that you put in.
Francesco Redi Experiment
Can organisms arise from nonliving matter? Involved a jar of meat and maggots.
Louis Pasteur Experiment
Can microscopic life arise from nonliving matter? Involved boiled broth; dust could get into flask with a straight neck and not the flask with a curved neck. Curved remained clear. Determined that life comes from other life, not spontaneously.
The Central Dogma
DNA-(transcription)- (m)RNA - (translation) - protein
Energy comes from…
The Sun
Chemical Compounds
Viruses
Are not living
Has a plasma membrane and can store and transmit information
Can’t obtain energy from the environment or reproduce on their own
Phylogenetic Tree
Plots genetic change over time
Most of life’s diversity is bacteria and archaea (also oldest)
Divided into bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes; which = plants and animals
Scopes Monkey Trial
Taught that humans and monkey’s were related, and was put on trial for it.
Elena and Lenski
Demonstrated evolution through experimentation
Ecoli evolved to use another medium to survive, gave them succinate instead of glucose (which they like more) and they evolved to use succinate.
