Chemical Bonding Unit 4 Test - FOSS (C) Flashcards
Where does the attractive force occur?
Between the nuclei (protons) of two atoms
Where does the repulsive force occur?
Between electrons of each atom and protons in the nucleus of each atom
What does chemical bonding do to atoms?
It lowers the potential energy of particles and makes the atom more stable / “happy”
What is the octet rule? Exceptions?
Atoms lose, gain, or share valence electrons in order to have a full set of ‘8’. The exceptions are H, He, B, and Be.
Ionic Bonding
- Transfer of valence electrons from one element to another
- Represented through arrows in a model
- metals and nonmetals
Covalent Bonding
- Polar: uneven sharing of electrons
- Nonpolar: even sharing of atoms
- nonmetals and nonmetals
- Represented with lines or circles in models
What is the difference between a cation and an anion?
-A cation is a positively charged atom
- An anion is a negatively charged atom
- Either go down to 0 or up to 8 to be “happy”
- Metals are usually cations
- Nonmetals are usually anions
What is electronegativity?
It indicates the relative ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond
Metallic Bonding
- Occurs when valence electrons are not held tightly to a nuclei in metal atoms
- The electrons can move atom to atom and are called delocalized atoms
Metallic Bond Properties
- Malleable
- Ductile
- Conductors
INTERmolercular forces
Forces that act between particles
(Weaker than intramolecular forces except ionic)
INTRAmolecular forces
Forces that act within a molecule (covalent bonds)
Intermolecular forces strength
Weakest -> Strongest
Non polar-covalent
Polar covalent
Ionic Bonding
Melting and Boiling Points
Stronger forces = higher melting and boiling point
Weaker forces = lower melting and boiling point
Chemical Change Identification
- color change
- odor change
- forming of precipitate (new solid)
- production of gasses
- light
- temperature change
