Chemical and Enzymatic Methods

Question 1

Principle of Alkaline Copper Reduction Method

Answer 1

Principle: Alkaline Copper Tartrate + Glucose → Cuprous ions

Question 2

Reduce cupric ion to cuprous ion by the action of reducing substance

Answer 2

Alkaline Copper Reduction Method

Question 3

Cu2 + phosphomolybdic acid→phosphomolybdenum (blue)

Answer 3

Folin Wu

Question 4

Cu2 + arsenomolybdic acid→phosphomolybdenum (blue)

Answer 4

Nelson Somoygi

Question 5

Cu2 + neocuproine→Cu – neocuproine complex (yellow/yellow-orange)

Answer 5

Neocuprione (also known as 2-9 dimethyl-1, 10- phenanthroline HCl)

Question 6

Cu(OH)2 → Cuprous ion (brick red precipitate)

Answer 6

Benedict’s (reagent which has a blue color)

Question 7

• Trimetric method
• Inverse colorimetry

Answer 7

Alkaline Ferric Reduction Method (Hagedorn Jensen)

Question 8

Principle of Alkaline Ferric Reduction Method (Hagedorn Jensen)

Answer 8

Potassium ferricyanide + glucose → Potassium ferrocyanide

Question 9

Uses O-toluidine (aromatic amine)

Answer 9

Condensation Method

Question 10

Absorbance of Condesation method

Answer 10

630 nm

Question 11

Principle of Condensation Method

Answer 11

Glucose + ortho-toluidine + glacial HAc → glycosylamine + schiff’s base

Question 12

Can also form a Schiff’s base with Ortho toluidine

Answer 12

Galactose and Mannose

Question 13

The most specific enzyme reacting only with B-D-Glucose

Answer 13

Glucose Oxidase Method

Question 14

To measure the total glucose in the blood using glucose oxidase, we add the enzyme

Answer 14

Mutarotase

Question 15

seen if the sample contains in ascorbic acid, uric acid,
bilirubin, hemoglobin, tetracycline, glutathione

Answer 15

False Decrease

Question 16

Seen if there is contamination with bleach

Answer 16

False increase

Question 17

Coupled Enzymatic Reaction is also called

Answer 17

Saifer Gernstenfield Method

Question 18

This method uses reduced chromogen

Answer 18

Couple Enzymatic Reaction

Question 19

Glucose + O2 + H2O → Gluconic acid + H2O2 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒔𝒆
H2O2 + reduced chromogen → oxidized chromogen + H2O

Answer 19

Trinder reaction principle

Question 20

• Measurement of the degree of oxygen consumption using a pO2 (Clark) electrode
• Requires addition of molybdate and iodide or catalase and ethanol

Answer 20

Polagraphic Method

Question 21

• Reference method for glucose determination
• Uses an enzyme that is more accurate compared to that of glucose oxidase

Answer 21

Hexokinase Method

Question 22

Does not require fasting
- 1st Step: hemolyse sample → forming hemolysate (solution containing lysed RBC)
- 1st Reagent: lysing agent

Answer 22

Glycosylated Hemoglobin Methods

Question 23

preferred method of choice because it is not
affected by the ff:
▪ HbF
▪ HemoglobinS
▪ HemoglobinC

Answer 23

Affinity Chromatography

Question 24

temperature dependent;

Answer 24

Cation-exchange chromatography

Question 25

All forms of hemoglobins are
measured and quantitated; separation technique

Answer 25

High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Question 26

DM patients with stable glycemic control

Answer 26

2x a year

Question 27

DM patients with unstable glycemic control:

Answer 27

Quarterly

Question 28

• Important in establishing correct insulin amount for next dose
• Useful for monitoring hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia among diabetic patients.
• Point of care testing

Answer 28

Self-Monitoring Glucose