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MTAP 2 - CC1 (Trans) > Carbohydrates and Glucose > Flashcards

Carbohydrates and Glucose Flashcards

1
Q

An aldehyde or ketones derivatives of polyhydroxy-alcohol

A

Carbohydrates

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2
Q

Carboydrates are composed of

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (CHO)

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3
Q

MAJOR food source & energy supply of the body (but not the only source of energy)

A

Carbohydrates

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4
Q

Examples of Monosaccharide

A

Glucose, Galactose, Fructose

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5
Q

2 monosaccharides are called

A

Disaccharides

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6
Q

Disaccharides are joined together by

A

Glycosidic bond/linkage

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7
Q

Glycosidic bond that is oriented Down

A

Alpha

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8
Q

Glycosidic bond that is oriented Up

A

Beta

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9
Q

Glucose + Fructose

A

Sucrose

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10
Q

Sucrose has what type of glycosidic bond

A

Alpha glycosidic bond

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11
Q

Example of sucrose

A

Table sugar

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12
Q

Glucose + Galactose

A

Lactose

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13
Q

Lactose has what type of glycosidic bond

A

Beta

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14
Q

Glucose + Glucose

A

Maltose

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15
Q

Maltose has what type of glycosidic bond

A

Alpha

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16
Q

Carbohydrates containing ≥ 3 monosaccharides units

A

Polysaccharides

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17
Q
  • A repeating glucose unit
  • Found in cells of nearly all PLANTS
  • Cannot be digested by human
A

Cellulose

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18
Q

Cellulose is what kind of polysaccharide?

A

Straight chain, unbranched

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19
Q
  • A repeating glucose unit
  • Major form of polysaccharides found in ANIMALS/ HUMAN
  • Majority are stored in the Liver and some in muscles
A

Glycogen

20
Q

Glycogen is what type of polysaccharide?

A

Branched

21
Q
  • Main polysaccharide
  • found in SEEDS/ ROOTS OF PLANTS
A

Starch

22
Q

Types of starch and their percentage

A

Amylose (20%)
Amylopectin (80%)

23
Q

Amylose is

A

unbranched

24
Q

Amylopectin is

A

Branched

25
Q

Functional group is at the END of carbon chain

A

Aldehyde (Aldose)

26
Q

Functional group is in between the 2 carbon groups

A

Ketones (Ketose)

27
Q

Medically important carbohydrate as the entire function of the brain is glucose dependent

A

Glucose

28
Q

How many glucose is utilized by the brain during resting/ sleeping period?

A

1/2 to 2/3

29
Q

Primary energy source of human

A

Glucose

30
Q

T/F: Glucose is the only carbohydrate DIRECTLY used as energy

A

TRUE

31
Q

Glucose is stored as glycogen in

A

Liver and Muscles

32
Q

By the help of __, glucose can enter the cell

A

Insulin

33
Q

Metabolism of glucose to form energy

A

Glycolysis

34
Q

Effects on glucose level: Glycolysis

A

Decreased BG

35
Q

Formation of glucose from
non-carbohydrate source (protein, amino acids/ lipids)

A

Gluconeogenesis

36
Q

Effects on glucose level: Gluconeogenesis

A

Increased BG

37
Q

Breakdown of glycogen (forming more glucose)

A

Glycogenolysis

38
Q

Effects on glucose level: Glycogenolysis

A

Increased BG

39
Q

Formation of glycogen (to store excess glucose by converting multiple glucose to glycogen)

A

Glycogenesis

40
Q

Effects on glucose level: Glycogenesis

A

Decreased BG

41
Q

Conversion of carbohydrate to fatty
acids

A

Lipogenesis

42
Q

Effects on glucose level: Lipogenesis

A

Decreased BG

43
Q

Decomposition or breakdown of fats
(occurs if glucose is insufficient/ absent)

A

Lipolysis

44
Q

Effects on glucose level: Lipolysis

A

Increased BG

45
Q

(occurs if glucose is insufficient/ absent)
Fats will be utilized instead of glucose to
form energy forming __ as a byproduct

A

Ketones

46
Q

Increase ketones = Ketosis will lead to

A

coma

MTAP 2 - CC1 (Trans) (7 decks)

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