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Gcse Chemistry Paper 2 > Chemical Anaylsis > Flashcards

Chemical Anaylsis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the test for hydrogen?

A

-we remove the bung and insert a burning splint

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2
Q

What is a positive test for hydrogen?

A
  • will burn rapidly

- produce a pop sound

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3
Q

What is the test for oxygen?

A

We add a glowing splint to the gas

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4
Q

What is a positive result for oxygen?

A

Splint will relight (burst into flames)

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5
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

We use limewater- dissolved calcium hydroxide in water

  • draw some gas into a plastic pipette
  • bubble the gas through the lime water
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6
Q

What is the result for carbon dioxide?

A

The limewater turns cloudy

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7
Q

What is the test for chlorine?

A

We insert damp litmus paper into the test tube

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8
Q

What is the positive result for chlorine?

A

-litmus paper is bleached white

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9
Q

Describe the flame test??

A
  1. We place a small amount of the chemical onto the wire mounted into a handle
  2. Then we place the end of this into a blue Bunsen burner
  3. The clout of the flame tells us the metal ion present
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10
Q

What is the flame test result for lithium?

A

Crimson flame

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11
Q

What is the flame test result for sodium?

A

Yellow flame

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12
Q

What is the flame test result for potassium?

A

Lilac flame

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13
Q

What is the flame test result for calcium?

A

Red/ orange flame

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14
Q

What is the flame test result for copper?

A

Green flame

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15
Q

What is a negative of flame tests?

A
  • colour of flame test can be difficult to distinguish- especially if theres a low concentration of of the metal compound
  • sometimes chemical can contain a mixture of metal ions which would mask the colour of the flame
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16
Q

What kind of methods is spectroscopy?

A

Instrumental- it’s carried out by a machine

17
Q

Describe flame emission spectroscopy??

A
  • a sample of the metal ion in the solution is placed into a flame
  • the light given out is passed in to a machine called a spectroscope
  • the spectroscope converts the lights into a line spectrum
  • the position of the lines in the spectrum tells is specific for a given metal ion & can tell us the concentration of ion as the lines because more intense
18
Q

What is the advantage of instrumental methods?

A
  • fast- flame spectroscopy can analyse more samples than flame tests
  • sensitive- flame spectroscopy will work even on the tiniest samples
  • accurate- flame spectroscopy is more likely to identify the correct metal ion than flame test
19
Q

What is your used to test for metal ions?

A

Sodium hydroxide and it forms solid precipitate of the metal hydroxide

20
Q

What is the test for copper II ions?

A

Add sodium hydroxide and it’s should form a blue precipitate

21
Q

What is the test for iron II ions?

A

Reacts with sodium hydroxide and forms a green precipitate

22
Q

What is the test for iron III ions?

A

Sodium hydroxide and it’ll form a brown precipitate

23
Q

What is the test for aluminium III?

A

Add sodium hydroxide then it’s form a clear precipitate, then add excess sodium hydroxide it’ll turn colourless

24
Q

What is the test for calcium II and magnesium?

A

Sodium hydroxide and they’ll form a white precipitate

25
Q

How do you test for carbonate ions?

A
  1. Add dilute acid to the sample
  2. Acid will react with the carbonate to form carbon dioxide- we see fizzing but that doesn’t prove we have carbon dioxide
  3. We bubble the gas through lime water and if it goes cloudy it shows we have carbon dioxide so we started with carbon ions
26
Q

How do we test for halides ions?

A
  1. We add dilute nitric acid to the samples
  2. Then we add dilute sliver nitrate solutions
  3. Halide ions produce a precipitate of the silver halide. Each halide makes a different colour precipitate
27
Q

What is the result for chloride ions?

A

Forms a white precipitate of silver chloride

28
Q

What is the realist for bromide ions??

A

Forms a cream precipitate of silver bromide

29
Q

What is the result for iodide ion ?

A

Produces a yellow precipitate of silver iodide

30
Q

How do we test for a sulfate ion?

A
  1. Add dilute hydrochloric acid bro sample
  2. Add barium chloride
  3. If sulfate ions are present we see a white precipitate

Gcse Chemistry Paper 2 (5 decks)

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