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Chemistry > Chemical Analysis > Flashcards

Chemical Analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

Define pure substance

A

A pure substance is a single element or compound (and is not mixed with any other substance.)

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2
Q

What is a compound

A

A substance that consists of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

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3
Q

What is a mixture

A

A mixture is defined as two or more substances mixed together, which are usually easy to separate.

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4
Q

What is a element

A

An element is a substance that consists of only one type of atom. It cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical means

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5
Q

What is a melting point

A

The temperature at which solid changes state into a liquid

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6
Q

What is a boiling point

A

The temperature at which liquid turns to a gas.

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7
Q

Why can the purity of substances be determined by melting and boiling points?

A

Pure substances will give sharp boiling and melting points.
This is became it is pure and one type of compound or element meaning it will have a fixed temperature for melting and boiling. We see this on a graph when the temperature levels out.

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8
Q

What will the presence of an impurity change in melting and boiling points

A

Lowers melting points of solid
Raises boiling point of liquid.

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9
Q

What is a formulation

A

It is a mixture which has been designed as a useful product and is formed by mixing together several different substances in carefully measured quantities to ensure the product has the required properties.

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10
Q

Name common formulations

A

Alloys - mixture of or more element one is a metal.
Medicine - tablets have drugs along with corn starch and lubricant.
Fertilisers - contain mixtures of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compounds.

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11
Q

Define soluble

A

A soluble substance dissolves in water

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12
Q

Define insoluble

A

An insoluble substance does not dissolve in water

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13
Q

Define solute

A

A soluble substance which dissolves is the solute

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14
Q

Define solvent

A

The liquid in which the solute dissolves in is the solvent

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15
Q

Define solution

A

The mixture of solute dissolved in a solvent is a solution

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16
Q

Define miscible

A

Miscible liquids mix

17
Q

Define immiscible

A

Immiscible liquids do not mix

18
Q

Define filtrate

A

The filtrate is the filtered solution

19
Q

Define residue

A

The residue is the solid which remains on the filter paper.

20
Q

What is evaporation

A

The changing of state from liquid to gas

21
Q

What is condensation

A

Changing of state form gas to liquid

22
Q

What is sublimation

A

Changing of state from solid to gas

23
Q

Name 5 separation techniques

A

Filtration
Evaporation
Crystallisation
Distillation
Chromatography

24
Q

What is fractional distillation

A

It is used to separate 2 or more miscible liquids the boil at different temperatures. Uses a condenser to change gas back to liquid.

25
Q

What is chromatography

A

It separates 2 or more soluble substances in a solution e.g food dyes and inks.

26
Q

Define chromatography

A

The separation of mixtures of soluble substances by running a solvent through the mixture on the paper, which causes the substances to move at different rates over the paper.

27
Q

What is a Rf value

A

A Rf (retention factor) value is a value that allows comparison of chromatograms if solvent and paper are the same.

28
Q

Equation for Rf values

A

Distance moved by sample ➗ Distance moved by solvent.

29
Q

Define potable

A

Potable water is water that is safe to drink

30
Q

How is water made potable

A
  1. Filtration of large objects
  2. Sedimentation (aluminium sulfate added so dirt clumps together)
  3. Filtration made of fine sand, gets rid of any remaining particles or dirt.
  4. Chlorination kills all microorganisms
  5. pH adjustment so water is neutral.
31
Q

Define desalination

A

It is the process of removing dissolved substances from the sea water.

32
Q

How is sea water made potable

A

Distillation, sea water is boiled and water is condensed.

Chemistry (12 decks)

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