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Chemistry > Chemical analysis > Flashcards

Chemical analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

Something that has nothing added to it, natural state or compound

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2
Q

What happens when boiling a pure mixture?

A

Pure mixtures have a specific boiling point

Impurities lower the melting point and increase the melting range and boiling points

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3
Q

What is a formulation?

A

Mixture with an exact amount of components

Made by a ‘recipe’

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4
Q

What is the mobile phase in paper chromatography?

A

Where molecules can move, the liquid or gas

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5
Q

What is the stationary phase in paper chromatography?

A

Where molecules can’t move, the solid so paper

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6
Q

What happens to the molecules in paper chromatography?

A

The molecules constantly switch between the stationary and mobile phase
Chemicals that spend more time in the mobile phase move further

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7
Q

What is the Rf value?

A

How soluble a substance is

Distance moved by solvent (dot)

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8
Q

What is the test for chlorine gas?

A

Damp blue litmus paper bleaches red quickly then white

Goes red as chlorine is acidic

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9
Q

What is the test for oxygen?

A

A glowing splint will relight

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10
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

Carbon dioxide turns limewater cloudy

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11
Q

Whats the test for Hydrogen?

A

A lit splint will make a pop

Pops as water is formed

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12
Q

What is an anion?

A

A negatively charged ion
( Think the opposite to PANIC )
The ‘an’ in ANION means un so unpositive or negative

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13
Q

What is a Cation?

A

A positively charged ion
( Think opposite to PANIC )
The t in CATION looks like a +
CATions are PAWsitive

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14
Q

Examples of Anions

A

Carbonates
Sulfates
Halides

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15
Q

Examples of Cation:

A 
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium 
Copper
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16
Q

Tests for carbonates?

A
  1. Put sample in test tube
  2. Add drops of dilute acid
  3. Connect test tube to limewater
  4. if CO2 is present limewater goes cloudy
17
Q

Test for sulfates?

A

Add Hcl and barium chloride to test tube with mystery solution
If sulfate is present a white precipitate forms

18
Q

Test for Halides?

A

Add a few drops of nitrate acid and silver nitrate solution to chloride, bromide and iodide
Chloride forms a white precipitate
Bromide forms a cream precipitate
Iodide forms a yellow precipitate

19
Q

How do we test for cations?

A

Through flame tests and precipitate tests

20
Q

Flame tests

A 
Lithium ---> Crimson flame
Sodium ---> Yellow flame
Potassium ---> Purple flame
Calcium ---> Orange red flame
Copper ---> Green flame
21
Q

Precipitate tests?

A

Many metal hydroxides are insoluble and form a coloured precipitate

Calcium ---> White
Copper ---> Blue
Iron || ---> Green
Iron ||| ---> Brown
Aluminium ---> White to colourless
Magnesium ---> White

Chemistry (5 decks)

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