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S2 revision > Chem test april 23. > Flashcards

Chem test april 23. Flashcards

1
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

A reaction where energy is released.

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2
Q

What is a fuel?

A

A fuel is a chemical that is burned to release energy.

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3
Q

What is needed to make a fire reaction?

A

It requires heat, oxygen, fuel.

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4
Q

What are the three fossil fuels?

A

Coal, natural gas and, crude oil. (also peat is a fossil product that becomes coal over time)

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5
Q

How are coal and peat formed?

A

Coal and peat is made from plants millions and millions of years old that have been burried under layers and layers of rock and dirt, pressure and heat resulted in the substance being formed, though peat is the precursor to coal, The thing that comes before it.

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6
Q

How is natural gas and oil formed?

A

These are products of organic matter, mostly tiny marine organisms, that has been decomposed over the past 550 million years.

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7
Q

Why are fossil fuels called fossil fuels?

A

They are formed from decomposed matter from millions of years ago whicj is why they are “fossil” fuels.

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8
Q

Are fossil fuels renewable?

A

No becuase they will eventually run out.

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9
Q

What shape is a methane molecule?

A

Tetralhedral (like a pyramid).

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10
Q

What are the alkanes?

A

Alkanes are a group of hydrocarnbons that are organic compounds made from carbon and hydrogen only with only single bonds.

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11
Q

What are the first ten alkanes in order?

A
  • Methane
  • Ethane
  • Propane
  • Butane
  • Pentane
  • Hexane
  • Heptane
  • Octane
  • Nonane
  • Decane
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12
Q

If a compound ends in ane it means?

A

That the carbon to carbon bonds are singular.

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13
Q

If a compound ends in ene it means?

A

That the carbon to carbon bonds are double bonds.

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14
Q

What is the molecular formula for methane?

A

CH4

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15
Q

What is the molecular formula for ethane?

A

C2H6

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16
Q

What is the molecular formula for propane?

A

C3H8

17
Q

What is the molecular formula for butane?

A

C4H10

18
Q

What is the molecular formula for pentane?

A

C5H12

19
Q

What is the molecular formula for hexane?

A

C6H14

20
Q

What is the molecular formula for heptane?

A

C7H16

21
Q

What is the molecular formula for Octane?

A

C8H18

22
Q

What is crude oil?

A

Crude oil is a mixture of hydro carbons with different carbon chain lengths.

23
Q

What is a carbon chain length?

A

The number of carbon joined together in a chain.

24
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A compound of hydrogens and carbons.

25
Q

How is crude oil seperated?

A

Crude oil is separated into fractions using fractional distillation.

26
Q

How does factional distilation work?

A

Heated crude oil enters a fractional column which is hot at the bottom and gets cooler and cooler going up the column vapours from the crude oil rise up through the column and condense when at the right temperature, each fraction is then led to a different tube. The crude oil is now seperated into fractions.

27
Q

What are biofuels?

A

A biofuel is a natural and renewable fuel source.

28
Q

How is biomass produced?

A

The renewable organic material that comes from plants and animals that contains carbohydrates.

29
Q

What are 5 examples of biomass?

A
  • Manure
  • Sugar cane
  • wood pelets
  • Logs
  • Food waste
30
Q

How can biofuel be considered carbon neautral?

A

The carbon dioxide that is released when using biofuel is the same amount captured from photosynthesis.

31
Q

How can lime water be used to test for carbon dioxide?

A

The lime water turns cloudy when carbon dioxide is detected.

32
Q

If ol is at the end of a compound it tells us?

A

It indicates alcohol.

33
Q

What are the products of combustion when burning a hydro carbon?

A

Water and carbon dioxide.

34
Q

Use a word equation to describe the combustion of a hydrocarbon?

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water.

35
Q

What is the chemical test for water?

A

Cobalt chloride paper turning pink.

36
Q

What is fermentation?

A

Fermentation is the proccess of a substance breaking down into a simpler substance. Organic molecules are converted into acids, gases, or alcohol.

37
Q

What is a word equation for the fermentation of glucose into ethanol?

A

Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide.

38
Q

Name three substances that come from crude oil through fractional distilation and what are they used for?

A

.Petrol, petrol is a fuel used in vehicles and and produce electricity
.Diesel, deisel is a fuel used in vehicles and machinery
.Gas, gas is used for cooking and heating

S2 revision (5 decks)

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