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S2 revision > Biology end of year S2. > Flashcards

Biology end of year S2. Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pupose of the stomach?

A

The stomach is a big bag like muscle that churns the food up and mixes it with gastric juices which contain acid that sterelizes the food, and enzymes that break down the food.

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2
Q

What is the purpose the oesophagus?

A

The oesophagus connects the mouth to the stomach and has ring like muscles that squeeze the food down which in a procecess called peristalsis.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the liver?

A

Produces bile that is sent to the small instestine to help breaak down fat.

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the pancreas?

A

This produces exra enzymes and excretes them into the small intestine which the breaks down fat, starch and protein.

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the salivary gland?

A

The salivary gland produces saliva which lubricates the mouth and contains enzyme amylase that helps digest starch.

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the small intestine?

A

Food is broken down and nutrients are absorbed.

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the large intestine?

A

This **absorbs water ** and forms faeces.

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the rectum?

A

Feaces is stored here until reday to leave the body.

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9
Q

What is the pupose of the anus?

A

The feaces is pushed through here and out of the body.

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10
Q

What is the purpse of the mouth?

A

Our teeth break up the food into smaller peices and the enzymes in our saliva turn insoluble substances into soluble ones.

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11
Q

What is the pupose of the gall bladder?

A

This temporarily stores bile.

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12
Q

How are enzymes used in digestion?

A

Enzymes help break down food, they turn insoluble nutrients into soluble substances.

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13
Q

What is bile?

A

Bile breaks down fat into fatty acids so they can be absorbed.

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14
Q

When testing for starch the iodine will turn the sample what colour if starch is present?

A

From brown to blue/black.

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15
Q

When testing for sugar what colour will the benadicts solution turn the sample if sugar is detected?

A

From blue to brick red.

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16
Q

Digestion is :

A

The breakdown of large food molecules into small soluble food molecules.

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17
Q

Mecahnical digestion is?

A

The physical break up of food into smaller particles.

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18
Q

Chemical digestion is?

A

This process is when enzymes break down insoluble complex molecules like carbohydrates, protein and fats into smaller soluble pieces. This is so your body can absorb and use them.

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19
Q

Strach is made up of:
It is broken down:

A

.Many glucose molecules joined together

.Into glucose molecules that are not joined together because they are soluble and can move through the wall of the small intestine

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20
Q

What is evolution?

A

A gradual change in DNA that relies on variation.

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21
Q

What is natural selection?

A

Organisms that are best adapted survive passing on their genes to the next generation.

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22
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

Asexual reproduction involves one parent producing genetically similar offspring.

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23
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

Sexual reproduction involves two parents having sexual intercourse to bring their gametes (sex cells) together in order to produce offspring.

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24
Q

What do the testes do?

A

These produce and store sperm.

25
Q

What does the Sperm duct do?

A

The tube that leads from the testes to the urethra.

26
Q

What do the Seminal glands do?

A

These add fluids to the sperm into order to form semen.

27
Q

What does the Urethra do?

A

The tube that leads from the bladder to the tip of the penis. Both urine and semen leave the penis through the urethra.

28
Q

What does the Penis do?

A

It can become erect due to erectile tissue filling with blood to aid intercourse.

29
Q

What do the Ovaries do?

A

These produce and store eggs.

30
Q

What does the Oviduct do?

A

This is the site of fertilisation.

31
Q

What does the Uterus do?

A

A muscular structure in which a baby can
develop. The lining of the uterus is shed during a period.

32
Q

What does the Cervix do?

A

At the base of the uterus between the uterus and the vagina.

33
Q

What does the Vagina do?

A

A muscular tube that is the site of intercourse and also acts as the birth canal.

34
Q

What is ovulation?

A

The release of a mature egg by an
ovary.

35
Q

What is fertilisation?

A

The fusion of the nuclei of the sex
cells in the oviduct of the female.

36
Q

What is Implantation?

A

The fertilised egg becomes a ball of cells that burrows into the wall of the uterus in order to gain nutrients to
develop further.

37
Q

What is a Placenta?

A

The placenta is a structure that delivers oxygen and nutrients to the baby.

38
Q

What is a fertilized egg called?

A

A zygote.

39
Q

What is an endoskeleton?

A

When the skeleton is on the inside of the muscle.

40
Q

Give three examples of hinge joints.

A

Knees, toes and elbows.

41
Q

How do muscle pairs work?

A

When one contracts the other relaxes. vise, versa.

42
Q

Give two examples of a synovial ball and socket joint.

A

Hips, shoulders.

43
Q

What is a ligament?

A

A ligament attaches bone to bone. It holds a bone in the right position so that joints can function properly.

44
Q

What is a tendon?

A

A tendon ataches bone to muscle. A tendon connot stretch so when a muscles contaracts the bone attached moves with it.

45
Q

What is a of a skeleton for?

A

It gives support, protection and is used for muscle attachment.

46
Q

What is an exoskeleton?

A

A skeleton on the outside of the muscle.

47
Q

What is the CNS?

A

The central nerve system processes info from the sensory organs and means the organism can behave in a rational way.

48
Q

What is the PNS?

A

The peripheral nerve system consists of nerves that carry information from the sensory organs to the central nerve system.

49
Q

What are the 5 sensory organs?

A

. Eyes
. Ears
. Nose
. Tongue
. Skin

50
Q

What is the retinas purpose in the eye?

A

A layer at the back of the eye that absorbs light and converts it into electrical impulses like tiny messages.

51
Q

What is the pupils purpose in the eye?

A

A hole in the iris that allows light deeper into the eye, it increases and decreases in size as the iris reacts to light.

52
Q

What is the lenses purpose in the eye?

A

It focuses the light onto the retina.

53
Q

What is the iris’s purpose in the eye?

A

It controls the amount of light entering the eye, relaxing and contracting so the right amount of light is let in.

54
Q

What is the optic nereves purpose in the eye?

A

It sends electrical impulses from the retina to the brain.

55
Q

What is the purpose of the cornea?

A

A see through protective layer that also bends the light onto the lens.

56
Q

The heart is?

A

A muscular pump that pumps blood around the body.

57
Q

What are the coronary arteries for?

A

To supply the heart with blood.

58
Q

What is a cardiac arrest vs a heart attack?

A

A cardiac arrest is when the heart stops pumping blood around the body and a herat attack is when an arterie is blocked and the heart will die off if not treated.

S2 revision (5 decks)

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