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MCAT > CHEM/PHYS > Flashcards

CHEM/PHYS Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Electrophiles are also Lewis (acids/bases)

A

Lewis Acids

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2
Q

Substitution and elimination reactions favor the formation of..

A

a weak base, that is low energy and stable alone

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3
Q

Common good leaving groups

A

Water, esters, halides

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4
Q

How can a poor leaving group be turned into a good leaving group

A

Poor leaving groups are typically strong bases, adding a strong acid can make it a better leaving group

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5
Q

Nucleophiles are also Lewis (acids/bases)

A

Lewis Bases

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6
Q

Anions tend to be (nucleophiles/electrophiles)

A

Nucleophiles due to there ability to donate electrons

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7
Q

Cations tend to be (nucleophiles/electrophiles)

A

Electrophiles due to their ability to accept electrons

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8
Q

Bronsted-Lowery Acids are characterized by

A

Ability to donate protons

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9
Q

Bronsted-Lowery Bases are characterized by

A

Ability to accept protons

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10
Q

How are Ka values associated with acid strength

A

The larger the Ka the stronger the acid

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11
Q

pKa and Ka relationship

A

pKa and Ka are inversely related. As Ka goes up, pKa goes down

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12
Q

How is stability related to acid strength?

A

The more stable the conjugate base, the more acidic it is.

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13
Q

Polar protic solvents nucleophilicity

A

Increases down the periodic table, F<Cl<Br<I

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14
Q

Polar aprotic solvents nucleophilicity

A

Increases up the periodic table I<Br<Cl<F

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15
Q

When Primary alcohols and aldehydes are oxidized with STRONG oxidizing agents they become…

A

Carboxylic acids

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16
Q

Secondary alcohols that are oxidized will become…

A

Ketones

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17
Q

Common weak oxidizing agents

A

PCC

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18
Q

Aldehydes that are reduced will become…

A

Primary alcohols

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19
Q

Ketones that are reduced will become…

A

Secondary alcohols

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20
Q

Esters and carboxylic acids reduced with a strong reducing agent will become…

A

Primary alcohol and one other product

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21
Q

Common weak reducing agent

A

NaBh4

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22
Q

Common strong reducing agent

A

LiAlH4

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23
Q

Alcohols can become… to be better leaving groups

A

Mesylates or tosylates

24
Q

Tollens’ reagent is typically used for

A

Oxidation of sugars

25
Q

Ksp is equal to

A

concentration of products

26
Q

Keq equals

A

Concentration of products/concentration of reactants

27
Q

DeltaG equals

A

DeltaH-TDeltaS

28
Q

Delta G and Keq relationship

A

They have an inverse relationship

29
Q

Power equation

A

P=work/time

30
Q

Electric power equation

A

P=IV

31
Q

Phase change equation

A

Q=mL

32
Q

Specific heat capacity equation

A

Q=mcDeltaT

33
Q

Buoyant force equation

A

Fb=pgv

34
Q

Northern blot analyzes

A

RNA

35
Q

Southern Blot analyzes

A

DNA

36
Q

Western Blot analyzes

A

Protein

37
Q

What can cause a right shift on an oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

A

Increased pCO2, Acid, 2,3-DPG, Exercise, Temp

38
Q

Kw can be found with what equation

A

Kw=Ka x Kb

39
Q

Index of refraction formula

A

n=c/v

40
Q

The focal length of a spherical mirror can be found with what equation

A

F=1/2r

41
Q

Real images are always

A

Inverted and in diverging systems

42
Q

Virtual images are always

A

Upright and in converging systems

43
Q

OH groups on IR spec show up as

A

broad peak at 3500-3100

44
Q

NH groups show up on IR spec as

A

Multiple sharp peaks at 3500-3100

45
Q

C=O groups on IR spec show up as

A

Single sharp peak at 1750-1700

46
Q

Aromatic hydrogens on NMR spec are usually in what region

A

6-10ppm region

47
Q

Aldehyde hydrogens are usually on NMR spec in what region

A

9-10ppm region

48
Q

COOH hydrogen are usually on NMR spec in what region

A

10-12ppm region

49
Q

Nonpolar/ Hydrophobic amino acids

A

Glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline
(GLACIERS in ALASKA VALIANTLY LOCATE ISOLATED PROWLERS)

50
Q

Aromatic amino acids

A

Phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan
(the aroma of Fine PINE and Yellow TIMBER are Worth the TRYP)

51
Q

Alcohol containing amino acids

A

serine and threonine
(Alcohol is a SERIOUS THREAT)

52
Q

Basic amino acids

A

Histidine, Lysine, Arginine
(Basically, HIS LOST Kid ALWAYS Returned)

53
Q

Sulfur containing amino acids

A

Methionine and cysteine
(METHODICALLY CHECK the path for Sulfur)

54
Q

Acidic Amino acids

A

Aspartic acid and glutamic acid
(As Peter digested the glue, his stomach became acidic)

55
Q

Amide amino acids

A

Asparagine and glutamine
(Amid his neatly stacked asparagus is a glutinous quail)

56
Q

Resistance equation

A

R=pL/A

MCAT (11 decks)

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