chem exam 3

Question 1

PH < 2

Answer 1

both protonated (have H), charge of +

Question 2

pH 7.4 neutral

Answer 2

C deionized; NH protonated, charge of 0

Question 3

ph > 10

Answer 3

both deprotonated (don’t have H), charge of -1

Question 4

A and T

Answer 4

2 bonds

Question 5

C and G

Answer 5

3 bonds

Question 6

base hydrolysis

Answer 6

carboxylate salt and amine

Question 7

acid hydrolysis

Answer 7

carboxylic acid, protonated amine

Question 8

disulfide bonds

Answer 8

thiol (s)

Question 9

peptide bonds (amide bonds)

Answer 9

between amino acids

Question 10

hydrophobic interactions

Answer 10

hydrocarbon R groups

Question 11

salt bridges

Answer 11

ionic bonds, acid/base

Question 12

hydrogen bonds

Answer 12

OH

Question 13

allosteric

Answer 13

different bonding site

Question 14

inhibitor

Answer 14

stop reaction from occurring

Question 15

competitive inhibitor

Answer 15

binds to the active site so reaction cant occur

Question 16

noncompetitive inhibitor

Answer 16

binds to an allosteric site to change the shape so no reaction can occur

Question 17

nucleoside

Answer 17

sugar + base

Question 18

nucleotide

Answer 18

sugar + base + phosphate

Question 19

amine as a base

Answer 19

gains proton

Question 20

NH4 shape

Answer 20

tetrahedral

Question 21

NH3 shape

Answer 21

trigonal pyramidal

Question 22

heat denatures

Answer 22

hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions

Question 23

pH denatures

Answer 23

salt bridges/H-bonding

Question 24

Organic compounds (alcohols) denatures

Answer 24

H-bonding

Question 25

heavy metal ions (Hg, pb, ag ) denature

Answer 25

disulfide bonds

Question 26

mechanical disruption denatures

Answer 26

H-bonding/hydrophobic interactions

Question 27

pyrimidine

Answer 27

six sided double bonded ring with 2 nitrongens

Question 28

purine

Answer 28

one 6 sided, 1 5 sided rings both with 2 nitrongen for a total of 4 nitrogens

Question 29

nonpolar amino acids

Answer 29

contain carbon side chains

Question 30

polar amino aicds

Answer 30

contain OH, SH,or CONH2

Question 31

polar acidic amino aicds

Answer 31

coo

Question 32

primary structure

Answer 32

sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds (backbone)

Question 33

secondary structure

Answer 33

folding patterns in backbone between N-H of amide from one part and c=o from carboxylic acid in another part - a helix b sheet

Question 34

tertiary structure

Answer 34

folding of a polypeptide due to interactions between side chains to other sidechains or the environment.

Question 35

quaternary structure

Answer 35

two or more polypeptide chains or subunits

Question 36

fibrous protein

Answer 36

insoluble in water and only have one type of secondary structure

Question 37

globular proteins

Answer 37

soluble polypeptides folded into spherical shapes

Question 38

enzyme action model: lock and key

Answer 38

active site has a rigid nonflexible shape, enzyme binds only substate that exactly fit the active site

Question 39

enzyme action model: induced-fit model

Answer 39

enzyme structure is flexible and adjusts to the shape of the active site

Question 40

Transferases

Answer 40

catalyze the transfer of a functional group between two compounds.

Question 41

Lyases

Answer 41

catalyzes the addition or removal of a group without hydrolysis

Question 42

isomerases

Answer 42

catalyze the rearrangement of atoms within a substrate

Question 43

Ligases

Answer 43

catalyze the joining of two substrates, using ATP

Question 44

increasing enzyme concentration

Answer 44

increases rate of reaction

Question 45

increasing substrate concentration

Answer 45

increases rate of reaction until it saturates and levels out

Question 46

water soluble vitamins

Answer 46

vitamin B, C, H

Question 47

Fat-soluble Bitamins

Answer 47

A,D,E,K

Question 48

RNA (D-ribose)

Answer 48

OH on 2' pentose

Question 49

DNA (2' deoxy-D-riose)

Answer 49

H on 2' pentose

Question 50

Purine

Answer 50

Adenine and Guanine (double N rings)

Question 51

Pyrimidine

Answer 51

Cytosine, thymine, uracil

Question 52

leading strand lead from

Answer 52

5' to 3' towards the replication fork