Chem culminating final lab Flashcards
What is the difference between molecular and ionic compounds
Ionic compounds contain a metal
Substances with a pH of 7=
natural
Substances with a pH of less than 7=
acidic
Substances with a pH of more than 7=
bases
The closer the acid/base is to 7…
the weaker it is
What are bases?
A substance is a base if it contains OH-
What colour does blue litmus paper turn when dipped in an acidic solution
red
What colour does blue litmus paper turn when dipped in a neutral/base solution
it stays blue
What colour does red litmus paper turn when dipped in a neutral/base solution
it stays red
What colour does red litmus paper turn when dipped in an acidic solution
blue
how does phenolphthalein (clear liquid) react with acids and neutral solutions?
Turns clear
how does phenolphthalein (clear liquid) react with bases?
turns pink
how does bromothymol blue react with acids
turns yellow
how does bromothymol blue react with neutral solutions?
turns green
how does bromothymol blue react with bases
stays blue
Is the melting point of ionic compounds high or low?
high
Are ionic compounds usually solid, liquid, or gas?
solid
Do ionic compounds exude an odor usually
yes
Are Ionic Compounds hard or soft
hard
Are ionic compounds brittle or non-brittle?
brittle
Are ionic compounds soluble or non-soluble
soluble
Are ionic compounds conductive?
yes
What is an electrolyte
ions
Do covalent compounds have a high or low melting point?
low
What state are covalent compounds
varies
Do covalent compounds exude an odor
sometimes
Are covalent compounds hard or soft?
Soft
Are covalent compounds soulable
sometimes
Are covalent compounds conductive?
No, they do not form ions
What is a Synthesis reaction
Atoms or elements that are joined together to form a new compound
Has 2 or more reactants to form ONE product
What is the general formula of a synthesis reaction
a+b → ab
What is a decomposition reaction
a compound or molecule breaks down into 2+ simpler atoms or elements
One reactant breaks down into 2 or more products
What is the general formula of a decompisiton reaction
ab → a+b
What is a single displacement reaction
One element and another element in a compound
Reactants: 1 element and 1 compound
Products: 1 different element and 1 different compound
a metal can only displace another metal/cation
a nonmetal can only displace another nonmetal/anion
What single displacement general formula for metals and non-metals
Metals: AB+C → CB+A
Nonmetals: AB+C → AC+B
*don’t carry subscripts through
Double Displacement Reactions
elements with 2 different compounds switch places, forming 2 new compounds
2 reactants (both compounds) and 2 products (2 different compounds)
Double Displacement general formula
ab+cd → ad+cb
*always metak before nonmetal
Hydrocarbon combustion
combustion is the very eapid reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy
What are hydrocarbons
Compound containing mostly H & C
Hydrocarbon combustion general formula
CxHy+O2 → CO2+ H2O
Neutealization
Occurs when an acid and base react
When an acid and base react, the products are water and salad
eg. HCL (aq)+ NaOH (aq) → NaCl+H2O
If there is a compound with only carbon and hydrogen what does that mean
it is combustion
