Bio quiz #2

Question 1

level of organization

Answer 1

a. cellular level
b. tissue level
c. organ level
d. organ system level
e. organism level

Question 2

what is a tissue

Answer 2

Tissue: is a group of cells that function together to perform specialized tasks.

Question 3

epithelial tissue

Answer 3

cells tightly packed to form a protective barrier
1 cell or several layers in thickness
lines body cavities and outer surface of body
protects structures
forms glands that produce hormones, enzymes, and sweat

Question 4

connective tissue

Answer 4

varies in structure depending on the type of connective tissue
supports and protects structures
forms blood
stores fat
fills empty space

Question 5

muscle tissue

Answer 5

long, rigid stands
stretches
3 main types: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
allows for movement

Question 6

nervous tissue

Answer 6

made of nerve cells
network of fibres with a control centre “neurons”
responds to stimuli
transmits and stores information

Question 7

digestive system function

Answer 7

1) Ingestion- food is taken into the body through the mouth

2) Digestion- food is broken down (physically and chemically)

3) Absorption- nutrients are moved into the blood

4) Elimination- solid waste passes from the digestive system out of the body

Question 8

Why is Digestion Important ?

Answer 8

When we consume food, the body needs to break down the food into smaller molecules of nutrients for the system to absorb the nutrients into the blood stream

Question 9

Digestive system

Answer 9

1. begins in your mouth as your teeth tear and grind food into small pieces (mechanical) and salivary glands melt the food (chemical).
2. Esophagus: food moves done by peristalsis (mechanical)
3. Stomach: Chemical & physical digestion
   -acids, enzymes & churning
4. small intestine: Chemical digestion (enzymes) Nutrients are absorbed into the blood
5. large intestine: Water is absorbed out of the
   waste
6. anus: waste leaves the body

Accessory organs:
Liver: the liver produces bile. The liver is responsible for breaking down fats, converting nutrients from the small intestine into easier-to-use products, and breaking down toxins into less toxic substances.

Gallbladder: bile produced in the liver is transferred to the gallbladder where it is stored until needed for digestion of fats

Pancreas: The pancreas releases digestive enzymes, neutralizes stomach acid, and produces insulin, a hormone that helps balance blood sugar levels in the body.

Question 10

circulitory system function

Answer 10

transports nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and wastes, ensuring proper nutrient absorption, oxygen delivery, carbon dioxide release, and waste filtration and excretion. Regulation of body temperature and fluid balance. Transport of disease fighting-white blood cells

Question 11

circulatory system: right vs. left

Answer 11

the right side of the system deals with deoxygenated blood.

the left side of the system deals with oxygenated blood.

Question 12

arteries vs. veins v.s capillaries

Answer 12

arteries- Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

veins- Veins carry blood towards the heart.

Capillaries link Arteries with Veins

Question 13

Plasma

Answer 13

Blood, comprising over half of blood volume, is a yellowish protein-rich liquid that circulates the other three blood components and maintains osmotic fluid balance in the body.

Question 14

What do blood cells carry

Answer 14

Red Blood Cells to carry oxygen; White Blood cells to protect the body from disease and platelets to help blood clot.

Question 15

Flow of blood with the circulatory system

Answer 15

1. Inferior and superior vena cava
2. right atrium
3. right ventricle
4. pulmonary artery
   (gets oxygenated)
5. pulmonary vein
6. left atrium
7. left ventricle
8. aorta

Question 16

Respiratory system function

Answer 16

The respiratory system provides oxygen to body cells and removes carbon dioxide produced during growth, repair, and movement.

Question 17

flow of respiratory system

Answer 17

1. nose and mouth (Passageway for air to enter and exit)
2. Pharynx (throat)
3. larynx (voice box)
4. trachea (windpipe)
5. lungs
   - bronchi (The Bronchi deliver air to the lungs)
   - bronchioles
   - alveoli

Each Bronchiole branch ends in tiny air sacs called alveoli surrounded by capillaries, allowing oxygen to diffuse into the blood and carbon dioxide to diffuse.

Question 18

inhalation v.s exhalation

Answer 18

Inhalation increases lung volume, expands the rib cage, and flattens the diaphragm.

Exhalation occurs when the lungs’ volume decreases due to muscle relaxation and changes in the diaphragm’s shape, thereby pushing air out.

Question 19

how are digestive and circulatory systems related

Answer 19

Food is digested and broken down into nutrients, which are absorbed by the small intestine and diffuse into the blood. These nutrients are then transported by the circulatory system to body cells, providing them with the necessary fuel for their function.

Question 20

Digestive and respiratory systems related

Answer 20

The digestive system uses muscle contractions to digest food, while muscle cells require oxygen for function. The respiratory system provides oxygen to these cells, using muscles like the diaphragm and rib cage. Nutrients and oxygen are also needed for cell respiration. Unwanted materials in the trachea are eliminated through the digestive system.

Question 21

respiratory and circulatory systems related

Answer 21

Cells require oxygen and nutrients for function. Oxygen diffuses from the lungs into the blood through capillaries, which is then pumped by the heart. Cells produce carbon dioxide, which diffuses into the blood and is then carried to the lungs for exhalation.