CHEM CHAPTER 4 REVIEW Flashcards
Electrolytes
Ionic compounds
Strong electrolytes
an electrolyte that exist in a solution almost entirely as ions. ( completely dissolves)
soluble
dissolves readily (fast)
Weak electrolyte
dissolve in water to give a relatively small percentage of ions.
insoluble
dissolves very little(slow)
Solubility rules
- Group IA and ammonium compounds are soluble
2.Acetates(CH3CO2-) and nitrate(NO3-) are soluble - Most chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble.
- Most sulfates are soluble
Insoluble rules
- Most carbonates are insoluble
- Most phosphates are insoluble
3.Most sulfides are insoluble
4.Most hydroxide are insolubles
Molecular equation
chemical equation in which reactants and products are written as if they were molecular substances, even though they may actually exist in solution was ions
State symbols
(s), (I), (g), (aq)
Complete ionic equation
a chemical equation in which strong electrolytes are written as separate ions in the solution. Other reactants and products are written in molecular form.
Example of Complete ionic equation
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) – AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
In ionic form (Complete Ionic Equation):
Ag+(aq) + NO3-(aq) + Na+(aq) + CI- (aq) — AgCI(s) + Na+ (aq) + NO3- (aq)
Spectator ion
Does not take part in the reaction. Must appear as both the reactant and product
Net ionic equation
A chemical equation, that excludes spectator ion. It shows the reaction that occurs at the ionic level
Ag+ (aq) + CI- (aq) — AgCI (s)
Precipitation reactions
a solid ionic substance forms from the mixture of two solutions of ionic substance
Acid base reactions
reactions that involve the transfer of a proton (H+) between reactants
Oxidation reduction recantations
reactions that involve the transfer of electrons between reactants
Precipitate
an insoluble solid compound formed during a chemical reaction
Arrhenius acid
A susbtance that produces hydrogen ions, H+, when it dissolves in water
Arrhenius base
a substance that produces hydroxide ions, OH-, when it dissolves in water
Bronsted- Lowry Acid
The species (molecules or ions) that donates a proton to another species in a proton tranfer reaction
Bronsted- lowry base
The species that accepts a proton from another species in a proton transfer reaction
strong acid
an acid that ionizes completely in water. It is present entirely as ions; it is a strong electrolyte
Common Strong acids:
HNO3
HCI
H2SO4
HBr
HCIO4HI
Weak acid
only partly ionizse in water. It is present primarly as molecules and partly as ions
Strong base
A base that ionizes completly in water. It is present entirely as ions; it is a strong electrolyte
Common strong bases:
LIOH
Ca(OH)2
NaOH
Sr(OH)2
KOH
Ba
