CHEM CHAPTER 4 REVIEW

Question 1

Electrolytes

Answer 1

Ionic compounds

Question 2

Strong electrolytes

Answer 2

an electrolyte that exist in a solution almost entirely as ions. ( completely dissolves)

Question 2

soluble

Answer 2

dissolves readily (fast)

Question 3

Weak electrolyte

Answer 3

dissolve in water to give a relatively small percentage of ions.

Question 4

insoluble

Answer 4

dissolves very little(slow)

Question 5

Solubility rules

Answer 5

1. Group IA and ammonium compounds are soluble
   2.Acetates(CH3CO2-) and nitrate(NO3-) are soluble
2. Most chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble.
3. Most sulfates are soluble

Question 6

Insoluble rules

Answer 6

1. Most carbonates are insoluble
2. Most phosphates are insoluble
   3.Most sulfides are insoluble
   4.Most hydroxide are insolubles

Question 7

Molecular equation

Answer 7

chemical equation in which reactants and products are written as if they were molecular substances, even though they may actually exist in solution was ions

Question 8

State symbols

Answer 8

(s), (I), (g), (aq)

Question 9

Complete ionic equation

Answer 9

a chemical equation in which strong electrolytes are written as separate ions in the solution. Other reactants and products are written in molecular form.

Question 10

Example of Complete ionic equation

Answer 10

AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) – AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

In ionic form (Complete Ionic Equation):
Ag+(aq) + NO3-(aq) + Na+(aq) + CI- (aq) — AgCI(s) + Na+ (aq) + NO3- (aq)

Question 11

Spectator ion

Answer 11

Does not take part in the reaction. Must appear as both the reactant and product

Question 12

Net ionic equation

Answer 12

A chemical equation, that excludes spectator ion. It shows the reaction that occurs at the ionic level

Ag+ (aq) + CI- (aq) — AgCI (s)

Question 13

Precipitation reactions

Answer 13

a solid ionic substance forms from the mixture of two solutions of ionic substance

Question 14

Acid base reactions

Answer 14

reactions that involve the transfer of a proton (H+) between reactants

Question 15

Oxidation reduction recantations

Answer 15

reactions that involve the transfer of electrons between reactants

Question 16

Precipitate

Answer 16

an insoluble solid compound formed during a chemical reaction

Question 17

Arrhenius acid

Answer 17

A susbtance that produces hydrogen ions, H+, when it dissolves in water

Question 18

Arrhenius base

Answer 18

a substance that produces hydroxide ions, OH-, when it dissolves in water

Question 19

Bronsted- Lowry Acid

Answer 19

The species (molecules or ions) that donates a proton to another species in a proton tranfer reaction

Question 20

Bronsted- lowry base

Answer 20

The species that accepts a proton from another species in a proton transfer reaction

Question 21

strong acid

Answer 21

an acid that ionizes completely in water. It is present entirely as ions; it is a strong electrolyte

Common Strong acids:
HNO3
HCI
H2SO4
HBr
HCIO4HI

Question 22

Weak acid

Answer 22

only partly ionizse in water. It is present primarly as molecules and partly as ions

Question 23

Strong base

Answer 23

A base that ionizes completly in water. It is present entirely as ions; it is a strong electrolyte

Common strong bases:
LIOH
Ca(OH)2
NaOH
Sr(OH)2
KOH
Ba

Question 24

Weak