Chem Chapter 2- Kinetic Particle Theory

Question 1

What is the particle arrangement and movement of a solid

Answer 1

Very closely packed together in an orderly manner
Vibrate about fixed positions

Question 2

What is the particle arrangement and movement of a liquid

Answer 2

Closely packed in a disorderly manner
Slide past each other freely

Question 3

What is the particle arrangement and movement of a gas

Answer 3

Very far apart in a disorderly manner
Moves more quickly and randomly

Question 4

How strong are the forces of attraction in a solid?

Answer 4

Very strong

Question 5

How strong are the forces of attraction in a liquid?

Answer 5

Less strong

Question 6

How strong are the forces of attraction in a gas?

Answer 6

Very weak

Question 7

Describe the shape, volume and compressibility of a solid

Answer 7

Definite
Definite
Cannot be compressed

Question 8

Describe the shape, volume and compressibility of a liquid

Answer 8

Indefinite
Indefinite
Cannot be compressed

Question 9

Describe the shape, volume and compressibility of a gas

Answer 9

Indefinite
Indefinite
Can be compressed

Question 10

State the amount kinetic energy of particles acting on a solid, liquid and gas

Answer 10

Very low
Low
High

Question 11

What happens when a substance is heated?

Answer 11

As a substance is heating, thermal energy is transferred into its particles
Some energy is converted into kinetic energy of the particles
The higher the kinetic energy of the particles, the faster the speed of the particles
Thus, resulting in increase of temperature

Question 12

What happens when a substance is cooled?

Answer 12

Kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy of particles
Thermal energy is transferred to the surroundings
The particles slow down as the particles lose their kinetic energy
Thus, resulting in a decrease in temperature

Question 13

What happens during melting at its solid state

Answer 13

solid
Thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy of particles
Particles vibrate and rotate faster about their fixed positions
Temperature rises until melting point

Question 14

What happens during melting at its solid-liquid state?

Answer 14

solid-liquid
Thermal energy absorbed from surroundings
Particles move in a disorderly manner
Temperature remains constant at melting point until all substance has melted into liquid

Question 15

What happens during melting at its liquid state?

Answer 15

Thermal energy converts to kinetic energy of particles
Particles slide past each other freely while closely packed in a disorderly manner
Temperature rises beyond melting point

Question 16

What happens during freezing at its liquid state

Answer 16

kinetic energy of the particles is converted into thermal energy of particles
Thermal energy is transferred to the surroundings
Particles slow down as they lose kinetic energy
Temperature reduces to freezing point

Question 17

What happens during freezing at its solid-liquid state

Answer 17

Particles lose energy
Temperature is at freezing point
Particles are closely packed together
Substance is at a constant temperature

Question 18

What happens during freezing at its solid state

Answer 18

Kinetic energy of particles is converted into thermal energy of the particles and transferred to the surroundings
Particles vibrate about their fixed positions
Temperature reduces below melting point

Question 19

What happens during expansion

Answer 19

When solid is heated below its melting point, particles cannot spread out freely as they are closely held to each other strongly by the forces of attraction
Particles vibrate more quickly about their fixed positions and have a wider spacing between each other

Question 20

What happens during contraction

Answer 20

When a solid is cooled, thermal energy is lost to the surroundings
Particles have lesser kinetic energy
Thus they vibrate slower and come closer to each other

Question 21

What is the relationship between the amount of kinetic energy acting on particles and the speed of the particles

Answer 21

The higher the amount of kinetic energy acting on the particles, the faster the speed of the particles

Question 22

Name the three differences between evaporation and boiling

Answer 22

Evaporation occurs at the surface of the liquid but boiling occurs throughout the liquid
Evaporation occurs slowly but boiling occurs rapidly
Evaporation occurs at a temperature below boiling point but boiling occurs at boiling point

Question 23

What happens during evaporation?

Answer 23

At the surface of the liquid in contact with air, some particles have enough energy to overcome forces of attraction and “ escape “ the liquid as vapour

Question 24

What happens during boiling at its liquid state?

Answer 24

Thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy of particles and particles slide past each other with increasing speed

Question 25

What happens during boiling at its liquid - gas state?

Answer 25

Thermal energy is absorbed from surroundings and temperature of liquid is at boiling point Particles with increased energy can overcome the forces of attraction in liquid state Particles move further apart, quickly and randomly Both liquid and gas present Temperature remains constant

Question 26

What happens during boiling at its gas state?

Answer 26

All liquid boiled off and thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy of particles Particles move quickly and randomly in any direction Temperature rises beyond boiling point

Question 27

What happens during condensation at its gas state

Answer 27

Kinetic energy of the particles is converted to thermal energy that is transferred to the surroundings The particles slow down as there lesser kinetic energy Temperature of gas reduces to boiling point

Question 28

What happens during condensation at its liquid - gas state

Answer 28

Particles lose energy to the surroundings at condensation temperature Particles with lesser energy become closer together by the forces of attraction Particles become more orderly Both gas and liquid present Temperature is constant

Question 29

What happens during condensation at its liquid state

Answer 29

After all gas condensed, kinetic energy of particles converted to thermal energy which was transferred to the surroundings Particles slide past each other freely Temperature is below boiling point

Question 30

What is sublimation?

Answer 30

The process by which a solid changes directly into a gas

Question 31

What happens during vapour deposition?

Answer 31

Gas particles are cooled until they slow down and arrange themselves into the solid state Particles transfers thermal energy to the surroundings making it warmer and so the gas cools down to become a solid The particles go from moving quickly and randomly while being very far apart in a disorderly manner to very closely packed in an orderly manner and vibrating about fixed positions