Chem Chapter 1 - Experimental Chemistry Flashcards
what is the si unit and symbol for time
second s
what is the si unit and symbol for temperature
kelvin K
what is the si unit and symbol for length
metre m
what is the si unit and symbol for mass
kilogram kg
what is the si unit and symbol for volume
cubic metre m3
what apparatus is used to measure time
digital stopwatch analogue stopwatch
what apparatus is used to measure temperature
thermometer
what apparatus is used to measure length
metre ruler measuring tape
what apparatus is used to measure mass
beam balance electronic balance
what apparatus is used to measure volume
pipette volumetric flask burette gas syringe
how accurate is the digital and analogue stopwatch
nearest 0.01s and 0.1s
how accurate is the electronic balance
nearest 0.1g
what are beakers and conical flasks for
collecting liquid
what does a pipette measure
accurate fixed volumes less than 100cm3
how accurate is a measuring cylinder and burette
0.5 and 0.05cm3
what solubility of gas in water does water displacement method depend on
insoluble to slightly insoluble
what solubility of gas in water does downward delivery method depend on
can be soluble or insoluble
what are the three gas collection methods
water displacement method
downward delivery
upward delivery
what solubility of gas in water does downward delivery method depend on
can be soluble or insoluble
how does the density of gas collected in water displacement method affect the collection
density doesnt effect
how does the density of gas collected in downward delivery method affect the collection
denser than air
how does the density of gas collected in upward delivery method affect the collection
less dense than air
name three examples of gases commonly collected in water displacement method
hydrogren oxygen carbon dioxide
name three examples of gases commonly collected in downward delivery
chlorine, hydrogren chloride, sulfer dioxide
name three examples of gases commonly collected in upward delivery
ammonia
name three methods of separating solid-solid mixtures
magnetic attraction sieving using suitable solvents
what is the use of sieving
separates bigger particles from smaller particles
name 2 methods of separating liquid-liquid mixtures
chromatography fractional distillation
explain the 5 steps of fractional distillation
when heating the solution, both higher boiling point liquid vapour and lower boiling point liquid vapour will rise
since the higher boiling point liquid has a higher boiling point than the lower boiling point liquid, the vapour condenses onto the cool fractioning collumn. then the higher boiling point liquid returns to the flask
lower boiling point liquid vapour continues to rise until boiling point then exits through the sidearms
hot lower bp liquid cools and condenses into liquid
liquid lower bp liquid flows into receiver
name the four separation methods of solid-liquid mixtures
filtration
evaporation to dryness
crystallisation
simple distillation
what is the use of evaporation to dryness
separates dissolved solids from its solvent by heating the mixture until solvent has vaporised
what is the use of crystallisation
obtains pure solid from saturated solutions
explain the steps of crystallisation
heat solution in evaporating dish until solution is saturated
cool solution until desired residue appears within the solution
filter the mixture and collect residue
explain the three steps to simple distillation
heat solution then add boiling chips. at the liquids boiling point it will boil and enter the condenser
the liquid vapour cools in condenser and condenses into pure liquid form and collected in the flask as distillate
the remaining solution gets more concentration and leaves residue in distillation flask
what is the relationship between amt of impurities in a substance and the change in melting or boiling points + range
the higher the amt of impurities the larger the change in boiling or melting points and the wider the range
what are the three gas drying agents
concentrated sulfuric acid
calcium oxide quicklime
fused calcium chloride
what is the use of concentrated sulfuric acid
non alkaline drying
what is the use of calcium oxide quicklime
non acidic drying
what is the use of fused calcium chloride
drying most gases
