Chem/Bio Flashcards
1
Q
What were NAVMED P5041 and P5042 superseded by?
A
NTRP 4-02.22 and NTRP 4-02.23 respectively
2
Q
How are the A-1-1-11 pub numbers grouped?
A
A-1-1-11 - Downrange procedures
A-1-1-1-11-1 - EPDS Setup
A-1-1-1-11-2 - Labs
A-1-1-1-11-3 - Description of chem/bio PPE
A-1-1-1-11-4 and 5 - Chem & Bio agent detectors
A-1-1-11-20 through - 37 - Describe specific CWAs, TICs & TIMs, non-traditional agents and drugs
A-1-1-11-40 - Biological Agents
A-1-1-11-60 through - 63 - Radiological hazards
3
Q
What other chem pubs are there besides 1-1-11 series
A
NIOSH Pocket Guide
NTRP 4-02.22
NTRP 4-02.23
NTRP 3-11.32
4
Q
What are the states of matter?
A
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
5
Q
What is volatility?
A
The temperature at which a substance begins to evaporate.
6
Q
What is solubility?
A
The degree to which a substance can be dissolved into a liquid.
7
Q
What is melting point?
A
The temperature at which a solid will change into a liquid
8
Q
What is boiling point?
A
The temperature at which a liquid will turn into a gas
9
Q
What is freezing point?
A
The temperature at which a liquid will turn into a solid
10
Q
What is a TIC?
A
Toxic Industrial Chemical - A chemical developed or manufactured for use in industrial operations.
11
Q
What is a TIM?
A
Toxic Industrial Material - A generic term for toxic or radioactive substances that may be used for industrial, medical, or military purposes.
Could be chemical, biological, or radiological.
12
Q
What does IDLH mean?
A
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health - A concentration of an airborne chemical that poses a threat of permanent health or escape-impairing effects.
Developed by NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health)
13
Q
Lethal dosage/exposure terms
A
LD50 - a dose of a toxic substance that is expected to kill 50% of a defined population (mg/kg) (ppm)
LCt50 - a dose of a toxic substance that is expected to kill 50% of a defined population WITHIN 1 MINUTE (mg/kg) (ppm)
ED50 - Effective dose to produce an effect in 50% of the population
ECt50 - Effective does in terms of concentration x time to produce an effect in 50% of the population.
14
Q
Name all the blood agents
A
Arsine (SA)
Hydrogen Cyanide (AC
Cyanogen Chloride (CK)
15
Q
Name all the blister agents
A
Sulfur Mustard (H)
Distilled Mustard (HD)
Nitrogen Mustard (HN1, HN2, HN3)
Lewisite (L)
The Arsenical Vesicants ( PD, ED< MD)
Phosgene Oxime (CX)
16
Q
Name all the nerve agents
A
Tabun (GA)
Sarin (GB)
Soman (GD)
Cyclosarin (GF)
VX, VX2, Vx
17
Q
Name all the choking agents
A
Phosgene (CG)
Diphosgene (DP)
18
Q
Name the incapacitating agent we care about
A
3-Quinuclidinyl Benzilate (BZ)
19
Q
What are the symptoms of a nerve agent
A
Salivation
Lacrimation (Tear Production)
Urination
Diarrhea
Gastrointestinal Cramps
Emeis (Vomiting)
Miosis (Constricted Pupils)
Muscle Spasms
20
Q
What is Aging?
A
The process of “Agent-cholinesterase” bonds strengthening and no longer being affected by 2-PAM Chloride.
21
Q
What does CANA stand for and what is in it?
A
Convulsant Antidote for Nerve Agent Autoinjector
10 mg Diazepam
22
Q
What does ATNAA stand for and what is in it?
A
Antidote Treatment Nerve Agent Autoinjector
2.1 mg Atropine and 600 mg 2-PAM Chloride
One combined auto-injector
23
Q
What does NAAK stand for and what is in it?
A
Nerve Agent Antidote Kit
Atropine and 2-Pam Chloride
Separate auto-injectors
24
Q
What are m295 and m291?
A
M295 - Equipment Decon
Contains a mit and Alumina based sorbant decon powder
M291 - Skin Decon
Contains 6 decon packets with 2.8g of Ambergard decon resin
25
What decon can you use on skin and why?
M291 is okay because it is FDA approved (M295 is not b/c it has fiberglass in it)
26
What are treatments for exposure to Nerve?
Up to 3 ATnAA and one CANA
One ATNAA for self-aid
CANA is not for self aid
27
What field treatment can you administer for blood agent exposure?
Amyl nitrite inhalation Ampules
28
What is a VTG?
Vertical Temperature Gradient - The change in temperature as you move away from Earth’s surface.
29
What are all VTG conditions?
Lapse - A decrease in air temp with an increase in height
Neutral - Very little or no change in temp with height
Inversion - An increase in temperature with an increase in height
30
What are the three methods of measuring a VTG?
Subtracting the air temp at 20 inches off the ground by the temp at 13 ft off the ground
Subtracting the air temp at 12 inches off the ground by the temp at 6 ft off the ground
Burning a smoke grenade and observing the cloud
31
Draw initial downwind hazard area
*Look on google docs*
32
Can initial exclusion zone be decreased and why/why not?
Yes, if there is no explosive hazard (50m)
33
Wind speed range for chem?
3.5-17.3 mph
higher speeds than 17.3 produce a neutral VTC and increase downwind hazard
Slower speeds than 3.5 make calculating the downwind hazard difficult
34
What is in swo-73?
MK 27 MOD 0 SHIPBOARD AUTOMATIC CHEMICAL AGENT DETECTOR AND ALARM Manual
35
Hazardous material inside 256
2.6 mg Mercuric Cyanide
36
Difference between m256a1 and a2
M256A1 has a heater assembly that can be used to test solids. (It works on the M256)
37
What does the 256 test for?
Blood, Blister, and Nerve
38
How does the 256 test for each agent
Nerve - Looks for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Eel Enzyme
Blood - Looks for Cyanide
Blister - Looks for Arsinical Vesicants
39
Why is the m256 used for de-masking procedures?
Because it is our most sensitive detection tool(Detects to IDLH)
40
List out generations of agents
Gen 1: WW1
Phosgene, diphosgene, chloropicrin,
Hydrogen cyanide,cyanogen chloride
HD and HN Mustard, Lewisite
Gen 2: WW2
GA, GB, GD, VX
Gen 3: Early Cold War
VX-2, GB-2
Gen 4: Late Cold War
Novichok
41
What mask do we use, what is the fitting size?
M53A1, 40mm NATO STANAG
42
What are your Unmasking procedures with a 256?
If 256 comes back negative, proceed to demasking
Unmasking after a negative 256 takes 15 minutes
If possible, choose a shaded area to prevent pupil dilation
Unmask for 5 minutes then clear and reseal mask
Observe new guy for 10 minutes
If no symptoms appear, request permission to sound the all clear
Monitor new guy for delayed onset symptoms
43
What are your Unmasking procedures without a 256?
Unmasking without a 256 takes 35 minutes
New guys take a deep breath, close their eyes, and break their mask seals for 15 seconds
They then reseal their masks and are observed for 10 minutes
If no symptoms appear the same new guys unmask for 5 minutes and then remask
Observe for 10 minutes
If no symptoms appear, request permission to sound the all clear
Continue to observe new guys for delayed onset symptoms
44
What canisters do we have at MU2, specs, do they work against TICS?
Also, what sized particles do they filter out and why?
C2A1, FR-64
No, yes
They filter out particles down to .3 micron because any lower than that and a particle is just as likely to leave your lungs just as it came in if it is any smaller.
45
What does PAPR stand for and what are the C420 blower specs? (They are the same thing)
Powered Air Purifying Respirator
“4.5 hour” rechargeable battery life
Single speed or 3 speed models available
46
Can you use an m53 with an SCBA and should you?
Yes in positive pressure mode
47
What canister did the C2A1 replace and why?
C2, because the C2 canister exposed its users to chromium and is now considered hazardous waste
48
What is an ECCS?
Emergency Contamination Control Station
49
Where do you find cutout procedures?
A-1-1-11-1
50
List of minimum EPDS equip
*check google docs*
51
What are your Lsp steps?
Gross decon
Seal the leak
Deliberate Decon
Bag once with a 6 inch tape pigtail
Place in second bag and perform vapor test
If positive repeat last two steps
If negative, tape second bag with 6 inch tape pigtail
Place in final packaging
52
What 8 things go on the label for a LSP’d Chemical munition?
Position of leak-seal
Type of agent
Type of munition
Presence or absence of high explosives
Type of decon used
Sealing Procedure used
Date/Location/Grid
Unit’s name and POC Phone #
53
What are the first things you look for/ do when entering a chem/bio lab?
Clear for shooters and secondaries
Stop heating
Leave Cooling
Leave mixing
Stop titration
54
What does JCAD stand for/nomenclature? (Old and New)
Joint Chemical Agent Detector
New one is the LCD (Lightweight Chemical Detector)
55
What does acpg/jslist stand for?
Advanced Chemical Protective Garment
Joint Service Lightweight Suit Technology
Same-Same
56
What PPE options are available for liquid protection?
Blauer
AP-PPE (All Purpose Personal Protective Ensemble)
Lion Suit
57
What does m8 detect? What colors does it turn?
Vx, G-Series Nerve, Blister Agents
Green, Gold, Red
58
What does M9 detect, length of roll, color it changes?
V, G, and H agents
30ft
Red
59
What are the 1st defender/Tru defender pubs?
A-2-1-137
A-2-1-138
60
True defender technology FTX /specs
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)
Detects missing radiation that was “absorbed” into the material it scanned
Rechargeable battery lasts 4 hours
Can identify liquids, powders, and solids
Poor at identifying substances in solution, elemental substances, vapors, gasses, biologics, and ionic compounds.
Contains a library that includes explosives, precursor chemicals, narcotics, CWAs, TICs, and TIMS
61
First defender technology RMX /specs
Ramen Spectroscopy
Detects reflected energy imparted onto a substance by a laser
Can be used to scan through clear or translucent plastic or glass containers under 3mm thick. Thicker walls may be scanned through if cap is removed from laser.
Contains a library that includes explosives, precursor chemicals, narcotics, CWAs, TICs, and TIMS
Able to detect substances suspended in solution
Poor at detecting elemental substances, highly fluorescent materials, biologics gasses, vapors, and ionic compounds.
Imparts enough energy that a risk of starting a fire on dark substances or substances (like coffee filters) that have small, dark, imperfections inside of them that may be heated by the laser and ignite surrounding material
62
First defender focal point distances cap/no cap
With Cap - ¼ in.
Without Cap - ¾ in.
63
Laser distance from personnel while in use
17.25 in.
64
AP4C technology
Flame Spectroscopy
65
What does the AP4C detect
Detects on 4 channels
(Phosphorus, Arsenic, Sulfur, Nitroxyl Group)
66
How does the crackpipe work?
It works by capturing the vapors of low-volatility substances that have been heated up by the S4PC.
67
HHA stands for?
Hand-Held Assay
68
Agents it detects? What kinds of agents are they?
Anthrax, plague, ricin, botulism, SEB, Tularemia, brucellosis, small pox
BBTTTBBV
69
Technology in an HHA?
Immunochromatography
70
What are the 4 negative effects that can occur?
Sensitivity Cutoff
Negative sample may still cause illness
Matrix Effect
Something in the sample is causing either a negative sample to react and give a false positive, or, something in the sample is causing a positive sample not to react.
Cross-Reactivity
Antibody binding to a close species of the substance being tested for
Hook Effect
Excess antigen, unbound by the colloidal gold, saturates the binding sites in the HHA before the bound antigen arrives, leading to a faulty result.
71
What is the buffer solution made of?
Phosphate “Jimmy” Buffet Solution
Neutralizes Ph so antibodies can function
Triton X-100
Prevents clogging in the test strip
Sodium Azide
Prevents growth of microbial contaminants
72
What is the general bio pub?
[A-1-1-11-40]
73
What is the CWC and what are the schedules?
Chemical Weapons Convention
Schedule 1: Few or no uses outside chemical weapons
Schedule 2: Legitimate small-scale applications
Schedule 3: Large-Scale applications apart from CWA production
74
What is the difference between bacteria and virus?
Virus - A submicroscopic agent that infects other organisms and is unable to reproduce outside the tissues of it’s host.
Bacteria - A single-celled organism that is able to reproduce outside it’s host
75
Difference between toxin and poison?
A poison is any chemical substance that impacts biological function in organisms.
A Toxin is a biologically produced poison.
76
What are common sources for Biological agents?
Anthrax - Soil and Cows
Plague - Rats and Fleas
Ricin - Castor Beans
Botulism - Rotting flesh and canned foods
SEB - Staph. Aureus Bacteria
Tularemia - Rabbits
Brucellosis - Cattle, unpasteurized milk
Small pox -
77
How to recognize chem markings on ordnance?
US chem ordnance is generally gray with a green band
Prior to 1962 chemical weapons were marked with either Grey, Red, or Green
After 1962 chemical weapons are marked
78
Should you use supertropical bleach on blister agent, why or why not?
No because it could catch fire.
79
Methods of disposal of chem and ratios for each
Neutralization:
Blister Agent: 4 Gallons/Pound of agent
All other agents: 2 Gallons/Pound of agent
Explosive
5-1 Ratio of Explosives to Agent minimum
80
Can you dispose of chem agents by burning? Why or why not?
No
As a signatory of the CWC, we are prohibited from burning CWA along with burial and dumping in water.
81
What is otto fuel? What is a treatment for related headache?
An orange/red fuel used in Mk 46 and 48 torpedoes
A cup of hot black coffee alleviates headaches.
82
What is MAF?
Mixed Amine Fuels
Fuel used in rockets and guided missiles
83
What is IRFNA?
Inhibited Red Fuming Nitric Acid
Oxidizer used in rockets and guided missiles
84
Why were binary chem weapons created?
So that the actual chemical agent is created upon detonation of the weapon
It also increases shelf life of the weapons
To get around the CWC
85
CARA stands for? What do they do?
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosives Accident Remediation Activity (CBRNE Accident Remediation Activity)
CARA provides technical assistance in removing and disposing of chemical/biological materials.
86
OSHA levels for PPE?
Level D - Uniform
Level C - Full face mask/respirator, hooded chemical resistant clothing, inner and outer gloves, chemical resistant boots
Level B - Positive pressure SCBA, hooded clothing, inner and outer gloves, chemical resistant boots
Level A - Totally encapsulated SCBA, inner and outer gloves, chemical resistant boots
87
What does MOPP stand for and what are the levels?
Mission Oriented Protective Posture
MOPP 0: Mask Carried
MOPP 1: Mask carried, suit worn
MOPP 2: Mask carried, suit worn, boots worn
MOPP 3: Mask worn, suit worn, boots worn
MOPP 4: Mask, suit, boots, and gloves worn
88
Reservoir vs vector
Vector - An animal, insect, or other organism that carries and transmits a virus or other microorganism.
Reservoir - An animal, insect, or other organism that carries a disease but does not usually exhibit the illness associated with the disease. I.e. Birds and west nile virus
89
What is AGAR?
A jelly-like substance used to culture bacteria
90
What is a T flask?
A vessel used for growing cell cultures
91
How to dispose of HHA?
Dispose of as Biohazard Waste
92
What is the acronym for the HHA? Say all the tests.
APRBSTBS
93
What is OPCW?
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
The implementing body of the CWC
94
What are P tabs, and NAPP’s, how do you take them, what do they do?
Pyridostigmine bromide Tablets - Used as a pretreatment for working around nerve agents.
Essentially keeps Acetylcholinesterase in reserve.
Nerve Agent Pretreatment Pyridostigmine - Same as PB pills
95
What are the CDC categories for bio agents of concern?
Cat A - Easily disseminated, results in high mortality
Cat B - Moderately easy to disseminate, results in low mortality
Cat C - emerging pathogens that could be weaponized because of ease of production and dissemination and mortality potential
96
Explain compound/molecular vs mixture
Compound - Chemically bonded into a new substance
Mixture - Physically mixed but still separate in substance
97
Name 3 common HME primaries and their precursors
TATP - Acetone, Hydrogen Peroxide, Strong Acid
HMTD - Hydrogen Peroxide, Hexamine, Weak Acid
Armstrong’s Mix - Red Phosphorus, Potassium Chlorate (match heads and stump remover)
98
Name 3 common HME secondaries and their precursors
ANAL (Ammonium-Nitrate and Aluminum)
Urea Nitrate - Fertilizer
Potassium Chlorate and Vaseline (Poor man’s C4)
99
What is an ETK and what categories does it test for?.
“Explosives Testing Kit” A wet chemistry (colormetrics) based detector
Tests for
Nitrate based explosives
Peroxide based explosives
Chlorate based explosives
100
How does distillation work?
Distillation works by selectively boiling a substance and then condensing its vapor to increase concentration or purify a substance.
101
RSDL
Reactive Skin Decontamination Lotion
Used for decontaminating skin by neutralizing persistent chemical agents
Can cause a false positive on M8 and M9 paper
The neutralization reaction takes at least 2 minutes to complete
102
What is the suite of 7?
PH paper
Flouride paper
M8 paper
JCAD
AP4C
FTIR/Ramen
M256
103
When is the JCAD actually sniffing in 5 second mode? 1 second mode?
5s - 1s on, 4s off
1s - Continuously
104
What are some important things to remember while LSP-ing
Pad fins or sharp things on the item
Assume the first bag is dirty inside
Place item in the corner and roll up the excess
Conduct glove changes between layers
105
What are the wait times for a 256? Can you skip one?
2 mins - First heater pad
10 mins - Vapor collect
1 min - Second heater pad
3 mins - Wait for results
10 min vapor collect can be skipped if liquid sampling is conducted
106
AP4C Reset time?
16s
