chem Flashcards
Atom
אטום
the smallest unit
Ion, cation, anion
Element with electric charge (that gains or lost e)
Anion - Negative ion
Cation - positive ion
יון, קטיון, אניון
Compound
Made of Identical molecules
תרכובת
mixture, homogeneous mixture, heterogeneous mixture
תערובת, תערבות הומוגנית, תערובת היטרוגנית
Made of different molecules.
Homo - same composition in each sample of matter
Hetro- different composition in different samples
Atomic number
מספר אטומי
the number of p
mass number
מספר מסה
the number of p + N
isotops
איזוטופים
the same element with different amounts of n (mass number)
sub-particles
תת חלקיקים
P,e,n
vibration
ויברציה
Kind of movement.
In solid, liquid, gas
rotation
רוטציה
Kind of movement.
In liquid, gas
translocation
תעתוק
Kind of movement.
In gas
reactants
מגיבים
products
תוצרים
Open system, closed system, isolated system
מערכת פתוחה, סגורה, מבודדת
Open - transition of heat and matter
Closed - transition of heat
Isolated - without transition
state/phase of matter
מצבי צבירה
Gas, liquid, solid
Evaporation
רתיחה
Boiling
Transition from liquid to gas
Condensation
התעבות
Transition from gas to liquid
Deposition
ריבוץ
Transition from gas to solid
Sublimation
המראה
Transition from solid to gas
Orbital
אורביטל
Area around the nucles in which e may be found.
Each contains 2 e maximum
Shells, valance shell, sub-level
Energy levels of e. They are located at a different distance from the nucles.
Sub levels - s (1,2,3,4) one orbital, p (2,3,4) 3 orbitals, d (3,4) 5 orbitals, f (4) 7 orbitals.
Valance shell - the last occupied shell.
Aufbau principle
e occupy the lowest energy shell available
Pauli principle
Each orbital can hold only 2 in opposite spin (up, down)
Hund’s rule
חוק האוטובוס
Orbitals with the same energy are each half filled before one of them is completely occupied.
Stable configuration
סידור יציב
When the orbitals are full (or half full).
Requires more energy in order to change stable configuration.
Ground state, excited state
Normal configuration. Unstable configuration (regular configuration)
Shielding
מיסוך
When the inner shells of e prevent the outer Shells e from feeling the full positive charge of the nucles.
Effective nuclear charge
The charge felt by the higher Shells (after sheilding)
Zeff = nuclear charge - inner Shells e
groups, periods, blocks
טורים, שורות, גושים בטבלה המחזורית
Alloys
סגסוגות
A combination of metals with metal or with non metal
Luster
ברק
Density
צפיפות
The amount of particles per uint area.
Conductor/conductive
conductivity
מוליך
מוליכות
(Of heat and electricity)
Britle
שברירי
(Usually, non metals are britle)
Metaloids
Some properties of metals and some of non metal.
Si, B
Elctronagativity
אלקטרונגטיביות
The tendency of an atom to attract e without making an ion
F>O>N
Electron affinity
זיקת לאלקטרון
The amount of energy released when an e is added to an atom in its gaseous state (making anion)
Ionization energy
אנרגית יינון
The amount of energy required to remove a valance shell e from an atom in its gaseous state (making cation)
Emit(s)
פולט
Intramuscular
תוך מולקולרי