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imat yaara > acids and bases > Flashcards

acids and bases Flashcards

1
Q

Arrhenius

A

First definition (1880)
Acid: produces protons and anions in aqueous solution
Base: produces hydroxide and cations in aqueous solution.

Acid - base reactions must include the formation of one of the ions h+ or OH -

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2
Q

Bronsted - Lowry

A

Acid: proton donor
Base: proton acceptor

Acid-base reactions include the transfer of a proton from an acid to a base.

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3
Q

Amphoteric substances

A

Weak base and acid - in A reaction can be either base or acid, depends ou their environment.

How to recognize?
Must include hydrogen (for the acid) and have a lone pair (for the base)

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4
Q

Lewis

A

Acid: accept an electron pair ( lone pair )
Base: donate an electron pair ( lone pair )

Acid-base reaction include the transfer of un electron pair from a base to an acid

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5
Q

Naturalization reactions

A

A Reaction between an acid and a base that forms water (H2O) and a salt

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6
Q

Conjugated acid-base pairs

A

Conjugated Base: formed the loss of H from an acid.
Conjugated acid: formed by the addition of H to a base.

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7
Q

Dissociation

A

The process of separating charged particles which already existed in the compound.
NaCl —> Na^+ + Cl^-

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8
Q

Ionization

A

Formation of new changed particles which were not found in the compound before.
O+ 2e —> O^-2

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9
Q

Strong acid

A

Dissociate almost completely during a reaction- all of the molecules donate their proton.

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10
Q

Strong base

A

Dissociate almost completely during a reaction - all the molecules accept proton.

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11
Q

Weak acid/base

A

Dissolves partly during the chemical reaction.
Weak acid / base differ in their strength

Notice: strong/weak acid or base refer to reactivity not concentration.

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12
Q

The strength of conjugated pairs

A

The stranger the acid, the weaker it’s conjugated base
The weaker the acid, the stronger it’s conjugated base

The stranger the base, the weaker it’s conjugated acid
The weaker the base, the stronger it’s conjugated acid

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13
Q

Diprofic and triprotic acid

A

Have more than one acidic hydrogen (move than one hydrogen that can become a proton )
The dissociation of these substances is composed of several reaction
Like:H2SO4

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14
Q

Water auto ionization

A

Water = amphoteric substance

Two water molecules can preform an acid-base reaction by themselves
2H2O —> H3O + OH

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15
Q

Constant of water dissociation

A

Kw= [H3O]•[OH]= 10^-14

Applies to all aqueous solutions

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16
Q

The pH scale

A

Numerical scale used to measure the concentration of protons in a given solution, and can be used to define the solution as acidic, basic or neutral.

0-7 → acidic
7 = neutral
7-14 → basic

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17
Q

How to calculate pH?

A

pH= - log[H]
[H]= 10^-pH

example: [H]=10^-7 →pH=7

Calculation based on proton concentration derived from the concentration of the acid is possible only for strong acid, that almost completely dissolve.

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18
Q

What is the difference between acidity and pH values?

A

pH is dependent on temperature - the pH value of natural solution decreases with temp. Increase. While acidic solution will always be those in which the concentration of protons is higher than that of hydroxide ions.

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19
Q

pOH scale

A

The value of pOH indicates the concentration of OH ions, which helps to determine whether a solution is basic or not.

pOH= -log[OH]
[OH]=10^-pOH

20
Q

What affects the pH values?

A

Strength of acid or base: strong acid or base, higher concentration of ions
Strong acid have lower pH than weak acid
Strong base have high pH than weak acid

the concentration of the solution:
more concentrated acidic solutions will have lower pH than more diluted ones.
more concentrated basic solutions will have higher pH than more diluted ones.

21
Q

Universal indicators

A

Red → 0

22
Q

Indicators

A

Chemical substances which are used to detect a change in the environment- used to defectacid-base reactions and distinguish between acidic and basic solutions.
They change their color based on the pH values.
Can be used as solution or absorbed by paper.

23
Q

Methyl Orange

A

Indicator
Low pH - red
High pH - yellow
pH range → 3.2-4.4
End point -3.7

24
Q

Methyl red

A

Indicator
Low pH - red
High pH - yellow
pH range → 4.2-6.3
End point -5.1

25
Q

Bromothymol blue

A

Indicator
Low pH - yellow
High pH - blue
pH range → 6-7.6
End point -7

26
Q

Phenolphthalan

A

Indicator
Low pH - colorless
High pH - pink/violet
pH range → 8.2-10
End point -9.3

27
Q

Buffer solution

A

Reduce the change in the pH of a solution after adding an acid or a base to it- minimizing the acid or base impact (not infinite)

28
Q

Acidic buffers

A

Keep the pH of a solution under the value of 7.
Composed of a weak acid and its salt with a strong base

Adding base will cause naturalization reaction between the added base and the weak acid, keeping the pH value as it was

Adding acid will cause naturalization reaction between the added acid and the conjugated base, keeping the pH value as it was

29
Q

Basic buffer

A

Keep pH value above 7
Composed of a weak base and its salt with a strong acid (conjugated)

Adding base will cause naturalization reaction between the added base and the conjugated acid, keeping the pH value as it was

Adding acid will cause naturalization reaction between the added acid and the weak base, keeping the pH value as it was

30
Q

Basic oxide

A

Metals + oxygen

31
Q

Acidic oxide

A

Non-metals + oxygen

32
Q

Al2O3

A

Amphoteric

33
Q

BeO

A

Amphoteric oxide

34
Q

H2O

A

Amphoteric

35
Q

HCl
(Strong/weak acids and bases)

A

Strong acid

36
Q

HBr
(Strong/weak acids and bases)

A

Strong acid

37
Q

HI
(Strong/weak acids and bases)

A

Strong acid

38
Q

HNO3
(Strong/weak acids and bases)

A

Strong acid

39
Q

H2SO4
(Strong/weak acids and bases)

A

Strong acid

40
Q

HClO4
(Strong/weak acids and bases)

A

Strong acid

41
Q

Alkali (group 1) + alkaline earth (group 2) metals
(Strong/weak acids and bases)

A

Strong base

42
Q

CO2
(Strong/weak acids and bases)

A

Acidic solution

43
Q

SiO2
(Strong/weak acids and bases)

A

Acidic solution

44
Q

SO2
(Strong/weak acids and bases)

A

Acidic solution

45
Q

SO3
(Strong/weak acids and bases)

A

Acidic solution

imat yaara (20 decks)

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