Checkpoint 5

Question 1

When do pilots need to perform an emergency landing?

Answer 1

We need to perform an emergency landing when there is a situation that makes continuing the flight unsafe.

This could happen due to:

• System malfunction;
• Engine failure;
• Fire or smoke onboard.
• Severe weather;
• Control problems;
• Structural damage;
• Fuel leak that caused an engine flameout;

We are well-trained and can make emergency landings safely.

Question 2

What are the possible threats during landing?

Answer 2

We could have many different problems during landing, Including:

• Windshear, strong crosswinds;
• Poor visibility
• Overspeed during approach
• Unstable approach
• Birds on final
• Runway incursion

Pilots must always be ready to initiate a go around in these cases.

Question 3

What is the difference between a runway excursion and an overrun?

Answer 3

Both events involve deviations from the runway,

• A runway excursion happens when we veer off the side of the runway.

ON THE OTHER HAND,

• A runway overrun occurs when we exceed the runway’s length during takeoff or landing.

These events are dangerous, but effective braking and good situational awareness can prevent them.

Question 4

What do you usually do after landing?

Answer 4

After landing, pilots follow a specific routine.

• We normally need to:
• Continue the Rollout;
• Contact the Ground Control;
• Follow their Instructions;
• Taxi to the Assigned position;
• Park the Aircraft;
• Perform the Shutdown Checklist;
• Fill out the Logs;
• Talk to the Mechanics;
• Secure the Airplane.

Question 5

What is CRM?

Answer 5

Crew Resource Management (CRM) is a technique that promotes teamwork and communication.

• CRM improves the **decision-making;
• situational awareness; andefficient crew interaction.**
• It also reduces power distance; and
  helpS pilots and cabin crew collaborate better.
• CRM is mandatory and increaseS flight safety
• It helps us maintain an efficient flight, in high-pressure situations.

Question 6

How can CRM avoid accidents?

Answer 6

CRM focuses on improving crew coordination to reduce risks.

• It encourages clear communication and problem-solving; and
• Helps to avoid misunderstandings;
• Moreover, CRM ensures all crew members contribute with the decision-making during critical situations; It also
• Guarantees that Checklists and procedures are performed correctly.

CRM helps create a safety culture that can prevent accidents caused by human error.

Question 7

How can bad weather affect flight safety?

Answer 7

Bad weather can bring about many problems, including:

• Severe turbulence.
• Poor visibility
• Thunderstorms and icing can affect aircraft control and performance.
• We can also have panic onboard and loss of situational awareness.
• It is very important to perform a good flight preparation and use the weather radar during the flight.

Question 8

How can weather conditions affect the flight routine?

Answer 8

Weather impacts flight operations from takeoff to landing.

Weather can affect everything, including:

• Our takeoff time, causing delays or diversions due to thunderstorms or poor visibility;
• Our performance, leading to Increased fuel consumption when rerouting to avoid storm cells;
• Our planning, forcing In-flight adjustments like changing altitude and speed to avoid turbulence;

We must constantly adapt to weather conditions to maintain safety and efficiency.

Question 9

Tell me about the worst weather situation you ever had.

Answer 9

MODEL

• DATE
• ROUTE
• AIRCRAFT
• WEATHER PHENOMENA
  (windshear, CB, hail strike, turbulence, ice buildup…)
• SOLUTION
• CONSEQUENCE
  ___________________________

EXAMPLE
The worst weather condition I faced was 2 MONTHS AGO.

I was flying from PORTO ALEGRE to CAMPINAS

In a SENECA V

During the flight, we had A LOT OF TURBULENCE

So, we decided to CHANGE THE FLIGHT LEVEL

AFTER CLIMBING, IT GOT BETTER AND MORE COMFORTABLE FOR THE PASSENGERS.

Question 10

Why do pilots need to discuss meterology during a briefing?

Answer 10

We discuss the weather conditions during a briefing, because weather affects our operation.

• Weather conditions can affect visibility, turbulence, wind speeds, and overall flight performance.
• Weather discussions also help us determine if alternative airports are necessary in case the destination weather deteriorates.

Use weather, because it’s easier to pronounce