Charles 1- Tensions with Parliament Flashcards
When did the Petition of Right occur ?
1628
What was the Petition of Right ?
this was a settlement of parliamentary complaints against the monarch’s actions
Why did the Petition of Right come about ?
Charles wanting more funds due to foreign policy failures with Spain and France. Parliament would only agree to additional funds if the settlement was agreed.
What were the 4 main points in the Petition of Right ?
- Parliament had to consent to taxation
- People could only be imprisoned if just cause was shown
- martial law was illegal
- billeting was illegal
How did Charles accept the Petition of Right ?
he accepted it in a way that would doubts its force as a law. It was granted by his grace rather than of right. Made parliament question Charles’ trustworthiness
When did the 3 Resolutions take place ?
2nd of March 1629
What happened with the 3 Resolutions ?
as the speaker of the house of commons was preparing the royal order to suspend the parliamentary session. Radical MP’s Denzel Holes and Benjamin Valentine held the speaker down in his chair until the 3 resolutions were passed, which were: oppositon to arminians and the collection of tonnage and poundage without parliamentary consent.
How did Charles react to the 3 resolutions ?
Charles dissolved parliament and didnt call one for another 11 years
When did the Hampden Case occur ?
1637
What was the Hampden Case ?
this was where Charles took Hampden to court for his refusal to pay ship money. Charles hoped that Hampden’s prosecution would make the point that Charles’s authority should be obeyed.
Why was the Hampden Case significant ?
As Charles barely won it was an even decision, representing that Charles’s personal rule is under strain.
When was the short parliament called ?
1640
Why was the short parliament called ?
due to the Scottish Rebellion.
Why was the short parliament dissolved ?
Parliament refused to vote subsidies for the Bishops War in Scotland. Therefore Charles realised he would only receive the subsidies if concessions were made. Therefore dissolved parliament
Why was the Short Parliament significant ?
John Pym was in contact with Scottish covenanters. Discussed the fact that the only solution was if Charles made concessions to English parliament. This is significant as MP’s are less concerned about the Scottish Army than their own King
When was the Long Parliament called ?
1640
What was the aim of the Long Parliament from the perspective of Parliament ?
MP’s wanted their grievances to be addressed and were united in terms of reforming Charles’ rule.
What was Bedford’s Financial Settlement ?
tried to bridge the gap between Crown and Parliament
What were the proposed changes in Bedford’s settlement ?
- abolition of the most controversial financial aspects of the personal rule
- return to an Elizabethan-based protestant church
Why did Long Parliament want to impeach Wentworth ?
they did this because if they removed him Charles would be more inclined to accept reform and rule with parliament and if removed would be replaced by Pym who would strengthen parliament
Why was the Bill of Attainder used on Wentworth ?
as Wentworth initially went through trial first, however he skilfully defended himself
How was the Bill of Attainder intensified ?
through the Army plot. A rumour that officers would seize the Tower of London and release Wentworth and dissolve parliament.
Why was Wentworth’s execution significant ?
made Charles less inclined to negotiate with Parliament
When were the 10 propositions proposed ?
1641
What were the 10 propositions ?
a document that the King would have to make some concessions
What were some of the concession in the 10 propositions ?
- parliamentary control over those around the queen
- parliamentary input into those who are in the privy council
- parliamentary control over religious education for the royal children
When did the incident happen ?
October 1641
What was the incident ?
this was when Charles was linked to a royalist plot to kidnap radical Scottish covenanters.
How was Charles linked to the royalist plot to kidnap radical Scottish covenanters ?
he was attending the parliament in Edinburgh with an armed force
How was the incident significant ?
Charles lost further support in Scotland and was forced to appoint his opponents to key posts in English parliament
When did the grand remonstrance occur ?
November 1641
What was the grand remonstrance ?
a list of criticism’s of Charles’ government since 1625
Why was the grand remonstrance significant ?
- was seen as a direct attack on Charles
- the debate to publish the grand remonstrance shows divisions within parliament
When was the Militia Bill established ?
December 1641
What was the Militia Bill ?
it proposed that parliament would be in control of the army to crush the Irish rebels
Why was the Militia Bill significant ?
it questioned Charles’ royal prerogative and attempted to transfer prerogative power to parliament
When did the 5 Members coup occur ?
January 1642
What was the 5 members coup ?
this is where Charles wanted to impeach his key political opponents such as Pym. So in January 4th he stormed the commons with force to arrest them but they were forewarned and left.
Why was the 5 members coup significant ?
- Pym used this to present how dangerous Charles is
- Charles after this left London and effectively gave control of London to parliament
When did the Exclusion Bill occur ?
February 1642
What was the Exclusion Bill ?
preventing Bishops from sitting in the House of Lords and was accepted
Why is the Exclusion Bill significant ?
reduced Crown influence in Parliament
When did the 19 propositions occur ?
1642
What were the 19 propositions ?
parliaments demands for a negotiated settlement
What were some of the demands in the 19 propositions ?
- 5 impeached MP’s to be pardoned
- parliament would direct a complete reformation of the Church
- Charles had to accept the Triennial Act
