characteristics of organism chp 1

Question 1

Define Movement

Answer 1

an action by an organism or
part of an organism causing a change of
position or place

Question 2

Define Respiration

Answer 2

the chemical reactions in cells
that break down nutrient molecules and
release energy for metabolism

Question 3

Define Sensitivity

Answer 3

the ability to detect and
respond to changes in the internal or external
environment

Question 4

Define Growth

Answer 4

a permanent increase in size and
dry mass

Question 5

Define Reproduction

Answer 5

the processes that make
more of the same kind of organism

Question 6

Define Excretion

Answer 6

the removal of the waste
products of metabolism and substances in
excess of requirements

Question 7

Define Nutrition

Answer 7

the taking in of materials for
energy, growth and development

Question 8

Define Species

Answer 8

a group of organisms that
can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 9

Describe binomial system of naming species

Answer 9

an internationally agreed system in which the
scientific name of an organism is made up of two
parts showing the genus and species

Question 10

State the different ways to classify organisms

Answer 10

• Morphology ( physical appearance)
• Anatomy ( disect and observe inside )
• DNA sequencing
• Organisms that descend from common ancestors share similar features
• The Binomial Naming System
• MRS GREN

Question 11

What are the common cell structures all living organisms contain?

Answer 11

• cell membrane
• cytoplasm
• DNA ( either in nucleus or free in cytoplasm )
• Ribosome
• Enzymes

Question 12

What are the five Kingdoms ?

Answer 12

Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protoctists
Prokaryotes

Question 13

What are the main features of Animals?

Answer 13

multicellular
feed on organic substances made by other living things

Question 14

What are the main features of Plants?

Answer 14

multicellular
feed by photosynthesis

Question 15

What are the main features of Fungi?

Answer 15

unicellular
cells have nucleus and cell wall made from chitin
do not photosynthesise
feed on dead , decaying material or live material nutrition by secreting enzymes onto material then absorbing products of digestion

Question 16

What are the main features of Protoctists?And examples ?

Answer 16

E.g : Ameoba, paramecium
most unicellular , some multi
all have nucleus
some have choloroplast and cell wall which means they can photosynthesise and feed on organic substances

Question 17

what are the main features of prokaryote and examples ?

Answer 17

e.g: Bacteria, algae
uncellular
have cell wall and cytoplasm
no nucleus, no mitochondria, no chloroplast

Question 18

What are the features of virus? what are they made out of ? Examples ?

Answer 18

Non living - do not carry of MRS GREN
takes over a host cell’s metabolic pathways in order to multiply themselves
only reproduce within a host
Made out of Nucleic acid (DNA & RNA ) and protein coat
E.g HIV

Question 19

What are the cell walls of Bacteria, Fungi and plants made out of ?

Answer 19

Plant - cellulose
Fungi - chitin
Bacteria - peptidoglycan

Question 20

Living things are ranked according to different divisions. Name them . Hint : KPCOFGS

Answer 20

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Key to remembering : King Philip Comes Over For Good Soup

Question 21

Classification of animals . Name them

Answer 21

Vertebrates ( Mammals, Fish, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles )
Invertebrates ( Myriapods, Arachnids, Insects, Crustaceans )

Question 22

Vertebrates classification and their features . Name them

Answer 22

Mammals:
- give birth to young alive , internal fertilisation
- have fur or hair
- breathe through lungs
- warm blooded
- external ears
- mammary glands
- 4 types of teeth
- whiskers

Birds:
- Hard shelled eggs, internal fertilisation
- lungs for breathing/ gas exchange
- warm blooded
- Feathers
- Beaks
- Scales of legs

Fish:
- Jelly cover eggs , External fertilisation
- gills for gas exchange
- cold blooded
- scales
- Fins
- Streamlined

Amphibians :
- Jelly covered eggs , external fertilisation
- lungs and skin for gas exchange ( adults )
- Gills for gas exchange ( Young/ larvae live in water )
- cold blooded
- moist skin
- live both land and water

Reptiles:
- Soft shelled eggs , internal fertilisation
- gills for gas exchanges
- cold blooded
- dry scaly skin

Question 23

Invertebrate classification and features. What they have in common?

Answer 23

in common: exoskeleton, segmented body, jointed legs

Insects :
- 3 pairs of legs
- 3 body segments ( head, thorax, abodomen )
- Antennae
- Wings

Arachnids:
- 4 pairs of legs
- 2 body parts ( cephalothorax and abdomen )
- No antennae
- No wings

Crustaceans :
- 5 pairs of legs
- 2 body parts ( cephalothorax and abdomen )
- Have antennae
- No wings

Myriapods:
- More than 5 pairs of legs
- Many body parts
- Have antennae
- No wings

Question 24

Plant kingdom splits into ?

Answer 24

Ferns
Flowering Plants :
- Monocotyledon
- Dicotyledon

Question 25

Features of plant kingdom in terms of their classification of 2 groups

Answer 25

Ferns:
- do not produce flowers
- Leaves called fronds
- reproduce by spores on underside of fronds

FLOWERING PLANTS ( reproduce by seeds and flowers )

Monocotyledon:
- narrow leaves
- parallel veins
- scattered vascular bundle
- flower petals in multiples of 3

Dicotyledon:
- Broad leaves
- Branching veins
- vascular bundle in ring
- flower petals in multiples of 4 or 5