Chapter 2 Flashcards
Compare structures of a plant cell with animal cell. Name the part of plant and animal cells
Animals & plants :
Nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
mitochondria
ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Vesicle
Only Plants:
cell wall
Chloroplasts
Large central vacuole
Functions of structures in plant and animal cells
Nucleus: Controls all activity in cell
: Contains genetic material
Cytoplasm: site for chemical reactions–> controlled by enzymes( respiration, protein synthesis )
Cell membrane : control movement of substances in and out of cell
: acts as a barrier
Mitochondria : provides energy
: site for aerobic respiration
Ribosomes & Rough ER : for protein synthesis
Vesicle : transport substances like protein
Cell wall : Maintain shape and structure
: prevent bursting of the cell
Chloroplasts : contains chlorophyll that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
Large central vacuole : stores water , glucose , amino acids, mineral ions and waste products
: Maintain turgidity of cell
Differences between animal and plant cells
Animal : Plants:
Size: small large
Shape: irregular regular
Cell wall: no yes
Chloroplasts: no yes
Vacuoles: small large
Food storage: stored as glycogen stored as starch
Name the parts of bacterial cell
cell wall made of peptidoglygon
cell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
circular DNA
plasmids
some have:
flagella
Difference between bacteria and animal or plants cells
bacteria does not have:
nucleus
choroplasts
Name the specialised cells
Ciliated cells ( in trachea , bronchial and oviduct )
Muscle cells
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Xylem vessel
Phloem vessel
Palisade cells
Root hair cells
Features and functions of the specialised cells
Ciliated cells
Features : Tiny hairs called cilia which can sweep or beat
Functions : Beats to move mucus out of throat
* Mucus secreted by goblet cell to trap dust particles and bacteria
Muscle cells
Features: Contain lots of mitochondria to release energy
Functions: Contact and relax to cause movement
Red blood cells
Features: Have no nucleus for more space to store haemoglobin
: Biconcave disc shape to increase surface area
: Contains haemoglobin to transport oxgen
Functions: transports oxygen
White blood cells ( 2 types: lymphocyte and phagocyte )
Features : Large nucleus Lobed shape nucleus
Functions : Produce antibodies Engulf and digest bacteria
Xylem vessel
Features: Hollow tube
Functions: transport water and mineral ions
: Give support
Phloem vessel
Functions : transport sucrose and amino acids from leaf to other parts of plant
Palisade cell
Features: packed with chloroplasts to maximise light absorption for photosynthesis
Functions: Carry out photosynthesis
Root hair cell
Features: hair-like structure increases surface area
: thin walls for shorter distance for absorption
Functions: Absorbs water and mineral ions
Describe the structure of level of organisation
Organelle
Cell ( basic structural and functional unit of a living organism )
Tissue ( group of cells working together to perform a shared function )
Organ ( group of different tissues working together to perform specific function )
Organ system ( group of organs with related functions working together to perform body function)
Organism( various organ system working together to make up an organism )
Magnification eqautions
Magnification = drawing size / actual size
Actual = Drawing size / magnification
drawing size = Actual size x magnification
unit conversions between cm , mm, micrometre
1cm = 10mm
1cm = 10,000 micrometre
1mm = 1000 micrometre
1cm —-> 10mm —–> 10000 micro
