Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Compare structures of a plant cell with animal cell. Name the part of plant and animal cells

A

Animals & plants :
Nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
mitochondria
ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Vesicle

Only Plants:
cell wall
Chloroplasts
Large central vacuole

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2
Q

Functions of structures in plant and animal cells

A

Nucleus: Controls all activity in cell
: Contains genetic material

Cytoplasm: site for chemical reactions–> controlled by enzymes( respiration, protein synthesis )

Cell membrane : control movement of substances in and out of cell
: acts as a barrier

Mitochondria : provides energy
: site for aerobic respiration

Ribosomes & Rough ER : for protein synthesis

Vesicle : transport substances like protein

Cell wall : Maintain shape and structure
: prevent bursting of the cell

Chloroplasts : contains chlorophyll that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

Large central vacuole : stores water , glucose , amino acids, mineral ions and waste products
: Maintain turgidity of cell

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3
Q

Differences between animal and plant cells

A

Animal : Plants:
Size: small large
Shape: irregular regular
Cell wall: no yes
Chloroplasts: no yes
Vacuoles: small large
Food storage: stored as glycogen stored as starch

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4
Q

Name the parts of bacterial cell

A

cell wall made of peptidoglygon
cell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
circular DNA
plasmids

some have:
flagella

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5
Q

Difference between bacteria and animal or plants cells

A

bacteria does not have:
nucleus
choroplasts

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6
Q

Name the specialised cells

A

Ciliated cells ( in trachea , bronchial and oviduct )

Muscle cells

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Xylem vessel

Phloem vessel

Palisade cells

Root hair cells

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7
Q

Features and functions of the specialised cells

A

Ciliated cells
Features : Tiny hairs called cilia which can sweep or beat
Functions : Beats to move mucus out of throat
* Mucus secreted by goblet cell to trap dust particles and bacteria

Muscle cells
Features: Contain lots of mitochondria to release energy
Functions: Contact and relax to cause movement

Red blood cells
Features: Have no nucleus for more space to store haemoglobin
: Biconcave disc shape to increase surface area
: Contains haemoglobin to transport oxgen
Functions: transports oxygen

White blood cells ( 2 types: lymphocyte and phagocyte )
Features : Large nucleus Lobed shape nucleus
Functions : Produce antibodies Engulf and digest bacteria

Xylem vessel
Features: Hollow tube
Functions: transport water and mineral ions
: Give support

Phloem vessel
Functions : transport sucrose and amino acids from leaf to other parts of plant

Palisade cell
Features: packed with chloroplasts to maximise light absorption for photosynthesis
Functions: Carry out photosynthesis

Root hair cell
Features: hair-like structure increases surface area
: thin walls for shorter distance for absorption
Functions: Absorbs water and mineral ions

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8
Q

Describe the structure of level of organisation

A

Organelle

Cell ( basic structural and functional unit of a living organism )

Tissue ( group of cells working together to perform a shared function )

Organ ( group of different tissues working together to perform specific function )

Organ system ( group of organs with related functions working together to perform body function)

Organism( various organ system working together to make up an organism )

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9
Q

Magnification eqautions

A

Magnification = drawing size / actual size

Actual = Drawing size / magnification

drawing size = Actual size x magnification

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10
Q

unit conversions between cm , mm, micrometre

A

1cm = 10mm
1cm = 10,000 micrometre
1mm = 1000 micrometre

1cm —-> 10mm —–> 10000 micro

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