Characteristics of Malignant Cells

Question 1

What are some characteristics of malignant cells?

Answer 1

1. Increased nucleus-to-cytoplasm (N:C) ratio. The higher the ratio, the more poorly differentiated are the cells.
2. Irregularly distributed nuclear chromatin
3. Variation in size and shape of nuclei
4. Hyperchromatic nucleoli
5. Giant cells and multinucleation
6. Nuclear molding
7. Cytoplasmic molding with community borders
8. Vacuolated cytoplasm, Mucin production
9. Cellular crowding with phagocytosis.

Question 2

What is the significance of glucose levels in the chemical testing of pleural fluid?

Answer 2

• Are decreased in cases of rheumatoid inflammation and purulent infection

Question 3

What is the significance of elevated lactate levels in the chemical testing of pleural fluid?

Answer 3

• Elevated lactate levels in pleural fluid are significant because they can indicate the presence of a bacterial infection.

Question 4

What is the significance of elevated triglyceride levels in chemical testing of pleural fluid?

Answer 4

• Iindicate the presence of elevated chylous effusions

Question 5

What is the significance of pH chemical testing in pleural fluid?

Answer 5

• Decreased in cases of pneumonia that do not respond to antibiotics
• And markedly decreased when there is esophageal rupture.

Question 6

What is the significance of elevated ADA levels in the chemical testing of pleural fluid?

Answer 6

• The elevated of tuberculosis and malignancy.

Question 7

What does an elevated amylase level in pleural fluid signify?

Answer 7

• An elevated amylase level in pleural fluid signifies potential conditions such as pancreatitis, esophageal rupture, and malignancy.